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EXERCISES  IN  OLD  ENGLISH 


BASED  UPON  THE   PROSE  TEXTS  OF  THE  AUTHOR'S 
"FIRST  BOOK  IN  OLD  ENGLISH" 


BY 


ALBERT   S.  COOK 

Professor  of  the  English  Language  and  Literature  in 
Yale  University 


BOSTON,   U.S.A. 

GINN   &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS 

1899 


I      ii    /cprvncMT.  189s, 
AAjf^t  l^BERT  S.  COC 


COOK. 
Au.  RiGNTt  Rbsbrvid. 


Typography  by  J.  S.  Gushing  &  Co.,  Norwood,  Mass. 


PREFACE. 


The  author's  experience  in  the  teaching  of  Old  English 
has  persuaded  him  that  exercises  for  translation  into  Old 
English  would  serve  a  useful  purpose.  A  sufficient  reading 
knowledge  is  often  acquired  before  there  is  any  adequate 
mastery  of  forms.  Such  mastery  is  of  the  first  importance, 
considering  that  Old  English  is  studied  quite  as  much  for 
the  light  it  sheds  upon  the  subsequent  development  of  Eng- 
lish speech  as  for  any  other  reason;  yet  it  is  not  easy  to 
induce  the  student  to  make  the  requisite  effort  when  he  no 
longer  finds  especial  difficulty  in  reading  the  text.  On  the 
other  handj  to  require  an  exhaustive  knowledge  of  inflec- 
tions at  the  very  outset  is  somewhat  opposed  to  current 
pedagogical  theory,  which  assumes  that  there  should  be  at 
least  a  superficial  acquaintance  with  the  phenomena  before 
any  considerable  attempt  at  classifying  them  is  made.  In 
this  dilemma,  a  book  of  exercises,  only  sufficient  in  length 
to  enforce  the  requisite  knowledge  of  inflections,  of  groups 
like  the  various  classes  of  verbs,  and  of  the  most  essential 
principles  of  syntax,  appeared  likely  to  offer  the  teacher 
what  is  needed.  Such  an  aid  is  commonly  employed  in 
teaching  the  two  ancient  languages,  and  all  the  modern 
ones ;  if  it  be  an  innovation  to  make  use  of  it  in  the  teach- 


12536'^ 


IV  PREFACE. 

ing  of  Old  English,  it  is  not  because  there  could  be  any 
serious  doubts  of  its  utility,  but  because  pedagogical  skill 
has  scarcely  been  turned  in  this  direction. 

The  exercises  here  provided  fall  roughly  into  two  divis- 
ions. The  earlier  ones  follow  somewhat  closely  the  open- 
ing selections  of  the  author's  First  Book  in  Old  English 
in  respect  to  the  words  employed  and  the  mold  of  sen- 
tences, the  particular  selections  being  referred  to  by  Roman 
numerals ;  the  later  ones  deviate  more  widely  from  the  cor- 
responding selections  in  this  respect,  and  will  require  more 
frequent  reference  to  the  Vocabulary  provided  at  the  end  of 
the  book.  This  deviation,  however,  is  not  from  good  usage ; 
for  the  exercises  under  consideration  are  \isually  based 
upon  such  texts  as  the  Gospels  and  iElfric's  Homilies. 
The  necessity  of  rendering  the  form  of  the  Old  English 
sentence  unmistakable  to  the  attentive  student  has  some- 
times led  to  a  departure  from  familiar  modern  idiojn, 
especially  in  the  case  of  Scriptural  passages.  In  a  few 
instances  this  transgression  of  idiomatic  propriety  may  be 
regarded  as  excessive;  but  perhaps  it  will  be  forgiven  in 
view  of  the  exigency  which  occasioned  it. 

The  author  has  intended  to  supply  all  needfid  assists 
ance  in  the  way  of  syntactical  references,  and  of  the  sug- 
gestion, when  doubt  might  arise,  of  the  proper  word.  If 
in  this  respect  or  any  other  he  has  failed  to  supply  the 
reasonable  demands  of  the  teacher  or  student,  he  will  be 
gratefid  for  such  hints  as  may  enable  him  to  effect  an 
improvement 

Yale  University, 
April  15,  1895. 


EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH. 


o:*<o 


Exercise  1. 


1.  The  evening  and  the  morning.  2.  The  day  and 
the  night.  3.  The  earth  and  the  heaven.  •  4.  The  fish 
and  the  bird.  5.  The  grass  and  the  seed.  6.  The  tree 
and  the  herb.  7.  The  dry  land  and  the  water.  8.  The 
image  and  the  likeness.  9.  The  light  and  the  darkness 
(plur.).  10.  The  sign  and  the  season.  11.  The  spirit 
and  the  life.  12.  The  creature  and  the  food.  13.  The 
year  and  the  day.  14.  The  man  and  the  animal. 
15.  The  tree  and  the  fruit.  16.  The  firmament  and 
the  abyss. 

L  Exercise  2. 

1.  The  days  and  the  nights.  2.  The  fishes  and  the 
birds.  3.  The  trees  and  the  herbs.  4.  The  images 
and  the  likenesses.  5.  The  signs  and  the  seasons. 
6.  The  years  and  the  days.  7.  The  men  and  the 
animals.  8.  The  seas  and  the  heavens.  9.  The  seeds 
and  the  fruits.  10.  The  evenings  and  the  mornings. 
11.  The  spirits  and  the  men.  12.  The  whales  and  the 
cattle. 

1 


8  EXERCISES  IN  OLD  ENGLISH. 

Exercise  8. 

[Note.  —  In  the  case  of  a  noun  with  limiting  genitive,  it  is  more 
in  accordance  with  Old  English  idiom  to  leave  untranslated  the 
article  detining  the  limited  noun«  and  to  make  the  limited  noun 
follow  the  genitive.  For  instances  see  First  Book^  p.  123,  1.  3 ; 
p.  124,  1.  14 ;  p.  126,  II.  7,  12.] 

1.  The  beginning  of  the  day.  2.  The  spirit  of  God. 
3.  The  light  of  the  life.  4.  The  life  of  the  bird. 
6.  The  food  of  the  fish.  »>.  The  iirmament  of  the 
heaven.  7.  The  beasts  of  the  earth.  8.  The  face  of 
the  deep.  9.  The  congregations  of  the  waters.  10.  The 
waters  of  the  sea.  11.  The  fishes  of  the  sea.  12.  The 
birds  of  the  air.  13.  The  array  of  the  heavens  and  of 
the  ejirth.  14.  The  works  of  God.  15.  The  kinds 
of  the  animals.  16.  The  stars  of  the  heaven.  17.  The 
seeds  of  the  grass.     18.  The  illumination  of  the  nights. 

Exercise  4. 
[Note.  —  For  adjectives  preceded  by  a  demonstrative,  see  66.] 

1.  The  great  whales.  2.  The  earth  was  empty  and 
void.  3.  The  things  were  good.  4.  The  fruit-bearing 
trees.  5.  The  great  lights.  6.  The  little  star.  7.  The 
smaller  bird.  8.  The  larger  tree.  9.  The  life  of  the 
good  man.  10.  The  beginning  of  the  seventh  night. 
11.  The  waters  of  the  great  sea.  12.  The  second 
(80)  day  and  the  second  night.  13.  The  third  day 
of  the  second  year.  14.  The  food  of  the  fifth  man. 
15.  The  light  of  the  sixth  evening.  16.  The  works 
of  the  moving  creatures.  17.  The  morning  of  the 
first  day.      18.   Increase  (sing.)  and  be  multiplied. 


EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH.  3 

Exercise  5. 

1.  God  created  the  heavens  and  the  earth.  2.  God 
made  two  great  lights.      3.   God  made  the  firmament. 

4.  God  created  the  great  whales.  5.  He  made  the 
beasts  of  the  earth.  6.  He  saw  all  those  things.  7.  He 
finished  his  work.       8.    He  blesses  the   seventh   day. 

9.  The  man  ceases  from  his  work.  10.  I  see  the  bird 
in   the   tree.       11.   They  saw  the   fish   in   the  water. 

12.  The  birds  of  the  air  fly.  13.  The  trees  grew. 
14.  The  stars  shone.  15.  The  fish  swims.  16.  The 
men  swam. 

Exercise  6. 

1.  The  animal  lives,  2.  The  bird  flies.  3.  The  tree 
grows.      4.  The  man  rules  over  the  cattle  of  the  earth. 

5.  Let  him  be  over  the  birds  and  (over)-  the  beasts. 

6.  The  stars  are  above  the  sea.  7.  It  is  for  your  food 
[to  you  for  food].  8.  The  herb  bears  seed.  9.  The 
tree  yields  fruit.  10.  The  air  is  very  good.  11.  The 
things  are  very  good.      12.   The  birds  were  very  good. 

13.  The  light  of  the  stars  was  very  good.  14.  He  gave 
them  all  trees.  15.  I  give  you  all  things  upon  earth. 
16.  I  call  the  firmament  Heaven. 

Exercise  7. 

1.  He  has  dominion.  2.  He  blesses  the  earth.  3.  He 
says  thus.  4.  Now  is  the  season.  5.  It  was  so  called. 
6.  Behold,  God  rules  over  the  earth.  7.  The  tree  is  in 
the  midst  of  the  grass.  8.  The  earth  is  in  the  midst 
of  the  air.      9.   The  waters  are  under  the  firmament. 

10.  Birds  are  the  food  of  the  animal.    11.  Divide  (plur.) 


4  EXERCISES   IN  OLD  ENGLISH. 

the  waters  from  the  waters.  12.  God's  dominion  is  over 
all  creatures.  13.  God  hallows  each  day.  14.  Let  the 
birds  increase  and  be  multiplied.  15.  Let  the  men  swim 
in  the  sea.  16.  Let  the  tree  bear  fruit.  17.  He  says 
likewise,  Let  the  light  be  for  a  sign. 

Exercise  8. 

1.  Your  works  are  good.  2.  His  tree  is  fruit-bearing. 
8.  Thou  art  the  man.  4.  This  year  is  the  fourth.  5.  God 
made  these  little  birds.  6.  He  created  me  likewise. 
7.  Our  cattle  (plur.)  see  the  grass.  8.  We  live  our 
lives  (168. 1).  9.  His  seeds  grow  in  the  earth.  10.  The 
animals  rest  (themselves).  11.  Fill  the  waters.  12.  Let 
dry  land  appear.     13.  Place  (ges^te)  the  fish  in  the  sea. 

14.  Have  (sing.)  all  spirits  under  [in]  your  control. 

15.  Let  the  stars  shine  in  the  heavens.  16.  I  say  in- 
deed. Bless  all  men.  17.  Thou,  who  madest  life,  bless 
me. 


n. 

Exercise  9. 

1.  Sparks  fly.  2.  The  house  Ls  empty.  3.  The  ships 
are  empty.  4.  The  merchant  sells  needles,  awls,  fish- 
hooks, and  plowshares.  5.  The  blacksmith  makes  plow- 
shares in  his  smithy.  6.  The  oil  and  the  wine  are  good. 
7.  The  fisherman  rows  over  the  sea.  8.  Tlie  carpen- 
ter supports  his  son.  9.  The  tailor  bought  the  nee- 
dle. 10.  The  bellows  blow.  11.  The  hammer  smites. 
12.  Let  us  seek  the  kingdom  of  God.     13.  He  will  not 


EXERCISES    IN    OLD   ENGLISH.  5 

live  with  the  blacksmith.  14.  We  had  rather  live  [To 
us  it  is  preferable  to  sojourn]  with  the  farmer  than 
with  the  tailor.  15.  Gold  is  better  (66)  than  tin. 
16.  The  carpenter  makes  a  hole. 

Exercise  10.. 

1.  The  tree  is  useful  to  the  carpenter.  2.  Our  horses 
have  fodder.  3.  O  priest,  read  the  Gospel.  4.  Buy 
(sing.)  wine  and  oil.  5.  O  good  fellows,  row  over 
the  waters.  6.  Her  son  is  rich.  7.  Ply  (sing.) 
your  trade.  8.  God  gave  us  his  Gospel.  9.  The 
farmer  practises  agriculture.  10.  The  service  of  God 
[God's  service]  is  better  (66)  than  other  occupations. 
11.  Which  of  you  holds  (om.  the)  chief  place?  12.  My 
gain  is  little.  13.  My  labor  is  great.  14.  I  sold  ivory 
and  silk.      15.  O,  were  1  king  of  this  people ! 

Exercise  11. 

1.  The  monks  have  food  and  drink.  2.  Settle  [quell] 
your  disputes.  3.  He  suffered  shipwreck.  4.  He  aban- 
doned his  wife.  5.  Be  what  [that]  you  (sing.)  ought 
to  be.  6.  They  do  not  wish  to  be  what  they  ought  to 
be.  7.  He  went  aboard  the  ship  with  his  wares.  8.  O 
good  workmen,  ply  your  trades.  9.  I  tell  you  (sing.), 
the  shoemaker  buys  awls,  and  the  fisherman  buys  (fish-) 
hooks.  10.  Sometimes  he  reads,  because  he  is  wise. 
11.  The  king  buys  horses.  12.  Righteousness  is  bet- 
ter than  gold.  13.  They  struck  me.  14.  The  farmer 
beats  him.      15.  We  suffer  the  loss  of  copper  and  tin. 

16.  The  princes  of  the  earth   go   aboard   their  ships. 

17.  The  priest  benefits  (164.  e')  the  laymen. 


6  EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH. 

Rzerclte  12. 

1.  The  counsellor  is  wiser  (64)  than  the  warrior. 
2.  The  elephant  is  larger  than  the  horse.  3.  God 
created  all  (om.  the)  fishes  in  (am.  the)  sea.  4.  The 
cattle  seek  fodder.  5.  God  commanded  the  earth  to 
bring  forth  grass.  6.  On  the  third  day  God  gathered 
the  waters  that  were  under  the  heavens.  7.  Let  the 
earth  bring  forth  living  creatures  (the  verb  precedes). 
8.  God  made  man  good  (173).  9.  He  is  (^om.  the)  light 
that  gives  light  to  (ftlielitan)  all  things.  10.  Some  of 
them  (151)  were  rich,  and  some  were  wise.  11.  The 
night  has  many  stars.  12.  The  light  shineth  in  (on) 
darkness  (plur.).  13.  The  year  has  three  hundred  and 
sixty-five  (78)  days.  14.  The  carpenter  has  two  sons. 
15.  The  soldier  has  eight  houses.  16.  The  peril  waa 
great. 


III. 

Kxerclse  18. 

1.  Christ  is  the  Son  of  God  [God's  Son].  2.  Christ 
is  our  Lord.  3.  When  saw  I  you  (sing.)  hungry? 
4.  Gold  is  precious.  5.  The  Day  of  Judgment  will 
come.  6.  The  farmer  says  to  the  workman,  I  will  sell 
this  house.  7.  The  workman  answers  the  farmer,  I 
will  buy  your  house.  8.  Life  is  more  than  raiment. 
9.  The  stranger  is  in  prison.  10.  The  merchant  is  in 
the  inn.  11.  The  father  clothes  the  son.  12.  This 
world  is  great.  13.  The  shepherd  feeds  the  sheep 
(sing.).  14.  The  merchants  are  rich.  15.  The  sol- 
dier drinks  wine.     16.  The  monks  drank  water. 


EXERCISES   IlSr   OLD   ENGLISH.  7 

Exercise  14. 

1.  The  king  sat  on  the  throne.  2.  Stand  on  my 
right  hand.     3.  All  nations  shall  come  to  the  judgment. 

4.  The  devil  is  (om,  the)  father  of  the  unrighteous. 

5.  All  men  are  sinful.  6.  The  priest  is  sick.  7.  Grant 
(sing.)  me  garments.  8.  The  horse  is  useful  to  the 
king.  9.  The  loss  of  all  your  things  was  strange. 
10.  He  departed  from  her.  11.  Give  (sing.)  me  to 
drink.  12.  Visit  (plur.)  the  sick.  13.  When  did  you 
(sing.)  see  the  goat?  14.  When  was  he  in  the  inn? 
15.  This  is  eternal  life.  16.  The  prisons  were  empty. 
17.  The  living  God  is  eternal. 

Exercise  15. 

1.  He  stood  before  the  king.  2.  The  goat  eats  grass. 
3.  The  angel  flies  to  the  earth.  4.  You  (sing.)  deny 
me  food.  5.  The  monk  did  it  in  Christ's  name.  6.  He 
will  separate  the  goats  from  the  sheep.  7.  He  poured 
her  out  wine  and  water.  8.  The  Lord  will  come  with 
his  angels.  9.  The  morning  cometh,  and  also  the  night. 
10.  Work  the  works  of  God.  11.  Clothe  (sing.)  the 
naked.  12.  I  will  not  sit  on  the  king's  throne.  13.  The 
bird  sees  the  light.  14.  The  men  will  see  the  stars. 
15.  As  long  as  you  (plur.)  fed  the  hungry,  you  did  it 
to  the  Lord.  16.  When  did  you  see  the  stranger  sick? 
17.  The  hungry  man  came  to  the  ships.  18.  The  sol- 
dier brought  us  the  horses'  fodder.  19.  The  farmer 
has  the  blacksmith's  hammer.  20.  Who  has  the  tailor's 
needles?  21.  I  hear  the  bellows  (169)  blow.  22.  Do 
(oTTi.)  you  (sing.)  see  the  hammers  smite  ? 


8  EXERCISES  IN  OLD  ENGLISH. 

IV. 

Exercise  16. 

1.  Gold  is  more  precious  (64)  than  silver.  2.  Right- 
eousness is  more  precious  than  gold.  3.  The  bath  is 
hot.  4.  The  baths  are  hot.  5.  The  animals  are  living. 
6.  Some  pearls  are  black.  7.  The  island  is  beautiful. 
8.  Dolphins  swim  through  the  water.  9.  Here  are 
fishes  often  caught.  10.  The  night  is  more  beau- 
tiful than  the  day.  11.  The  city  was  distinguished 
with  walls  and  gates.  12.  Summer  comes^  and  then 
winter.  13.  The  sun  shines  over  all.  14.  Tlie  old 
man  came  to  the  house.  15.  Here  are  also  found  lead 
and  iron.     16.  Put  not  your  hand  into  the  fire. 

Exercise  17. 

1.  The  soldier  takes  the  gem.  2.  The  rain  injures 
the  tower.  3.  The  whale  swims.  4.  Fishermen  caught 
seals.  5.  The  hungry  sheep  are  not  fed.  6.  The  man's 
wife  is  beautiful.  7.  Some  men  are  black.  8.  The 
carpenter  will  clothe  his  son.  9.  Depart  from  me,  for 
I  am  (om,  a)  sinful  man,  (ow.  O)  Lord.  10.  They 
shall  drink,  but  ye  shall  be  thirsty.  11.  He  said  to 
her,  Give  me,  I  beseech  thee,  water  to  drink ;  for  I 
am  thirsty.  12.  He  is  not  (om.  a)  God  of  (^om.  the) 
dead,  but  of  (om.  the)  living.  13.  The  sun  shines  on 
(ofer)  the  righteous  and  the  unrighteous.  14.  Ye  are 
(ow.  the)  light  of  the  world.  15.  The  twelve  gates 
were  twelve  pearls.  16.  The  street  of  the  city  was 
gold.  17.  Those  that  ate  were  four  thousand  men 
(154.  (?),  besides  women  and  children. 


EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH.  V 

V. 

Exercise  18. 

1.  Blessed  (p.p.)  be  God,  the  Father  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  the  Father  of  mercies,  and  the  God  of 
all  comfort.  2.  The  winds  were  favorable.  3.  He 
wishes  to  watch  their  journey.  4.  The  wind  and  the 
sea  obey  him.  5.  Not  at  all  in  vain  fought  I  with 
death,  as  he  fought  with  beasts.  6.  The  time  draws 
near    [approaches,    164]    (om.    the)    birth    of    Christ. 

7.  It  is  the  day  when  (pe)  he  was  born  (ac^nned). 

8.  O,  wast  thou  with  me,  dearest,  then,  while  I  rose 
up  against  my  doom  (dom)  ?  9.  The  moon  is  hid 
(hydan,  113),  the  night  is  still.  10.  Thou  bringst 
the  fisher  to  his  wife.  11.  Calm  is  the  morn(ing). 
12.  I  know  that  this  was  life.  13.  What  do  ye  more 
than  they  ? 


VI. 

Exercise  19. 

1.  At  length  the  king  ceased  to  bear  rule.  2.  He 
had  the  kingdom  forty  years.  3.  When  were  the 
bridges  built?  4.  To-day  thou  shalt  be  with  me. 
5.  What  (om.  did)  the  Romans  build  (pret.)  in  Brit- 
ain? 6.  I  send  my  angel  before  (beforan,  166)  thy 
face.  7.  Come  (sing.),  and  bring  those  letters  that 
you  wrote.  8.  I  promise  you  obedience,  if  you 
help  (196.  cZ)  me.  9.  Send  me  (^om.  a)  large  army. 
10.   I  fight  with  my  enemies.      11.   Expel  your  foes. 


10  EXEBCIBB8  IN  OLD  ENGLISH. 

12.  The  soldiers  went  home.  13.  He  will  come 
with  (om,  a)  fleet.  14.  Slay  (sing.)  all  that  you 
find  (gemetan).      15.   The  harvest  is  rich  in  fruits. 

16.  Seedtime  and  harvest  never  shall  fail  (geswican). 

17.  The  year  has  four  seasons. 

Exercise  20. 

1.  The  earth  is  (om.  the)  Lord's.  2.  The  sea  saw, 
and  it  fled.  3.  He  shall  flee  the  iron  weapon.  4.  He 
that  (b€  tfe)  is  not  (^om,  the)  shepherd,  and  owns  not 
(127)  the  sheep,  when  he  sees  the  wolf,  then  flees  he, 
and  abandons  the  sheep,  and  the  wolf  seizes  the  sheep. 

5.  The  day  is  thine,  the  night  also  Lb  thine ;  thou  hast 
prepared  the  sun  and  the  moon  ;  thou  hast  set  the  bor- 
ders of  the  earth ;  thou  hast  made  summer  and  winter. 

6.  Let  us  build  these  cities,  and  make  about  (ftbQtan, 
172)  them  walls,  and  towers,  and  gates,  while  the  land 
is  yet  (giet)  before  us.  7.  These  nations  are  more 
than  I ;  how  can  1  expel  them  ?  8.  Go  to  the  sea,  and 
cast  a  fishhook,  and  t^e  the  first  (Srest)  fish,  and  open 
(geopenian)  his  mouth  (mQ9,  43).  9.  Thou  wilt  find 
a  penny ;  take  that,  and  give  (s^llan)  for  me  and  for 
thee. 

Exercise  21. 

1.  Then  said  he.  She  is  not  dead.  2.  Then  took  he 
her  hand,  and  said.  Maiden,  arise.  3.  The  stone  wall 
is  seven  feet  broad,  and  twenty  feet  high.  4.  I  took 
leave  of  her  (ace),  and  announced  {om,  to)  her  that  I 
never  more  would  visit  her.  5.  The  righteous  (ow. 
ones)  are  as  bold  as  (om.  a)  lion.  6.  The  Britons  were 
cowardly.      7.  Come  hither,  fair  maiden.      8.   Happy 


EXERCISES   IN    OLD   ENGLISH.  11 

is  that  people,  whose  God  is  the  Lord.  9.  Learn  of  (aet) 
me,  for  I  am  merciful  and  lowly  (eaSTmod)  in  heart,  and 
ye  shall  find  (gemetan)  rest  (r§st,  51.  6)  (om,  unto)  your 
souls.  10.  Now  1  send  you  as  sheep  among  (gemang, 
172)  wolves.  11.  When  they  pursue  (ehtan)  you  in 
this  city,  flee  into  (on)  (om.  an)other.  12.  I  take  leave 
of  my  native  land. 


VII. 

Exercise  22. 

1.  Idleness  is  the  mother  of  sin.  2.  Etheldred  was 
(om,  the)  daughter  of  the  king  of  the  East  Anglians. 
3.  The  bishop's  beautiful  monastery  was  destroyed 
(fordilgian).  4.  Labor  [toil,  sing.]  with  your  hands. 
5.   Pursue  (sing.)  your  study.      6.  He  goes  to  church. 

7.  Depart   from   me,   ye   that   work   unrighteousness. 

8.  What  is  your  name  ?  9.  Tell  (hatan)  our  three 
friends  to  go  thither  to  him.  10.  The  song  descends 
from  heaven  (plur.)  to  earth.  11.  I  am  wont  to  visit 
the  bishop.  12.  I  wish  (willan)  first  (om.  to)  ask 
you  (sing.)  one  thing  (156).  13.  I  wish  to  take 
(Isedan)  him  with  me.  14.  The  priest  prostrated 
himself  before  (fore,  172)  the  bishop.  15.  On 
the  third  day,  the  holy  soul  was  released  from  the 
body. 

Exercise  23. 

1.  The  largest  window  of  the  church  is  two  feet 
(154.  c)  broad,  and  four  feet  high.  2.  Little  by  little 
the  sweet  song  drew  nigh.      3.  I  entreat  you  to  tell 


12  EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH. 

[that  you  tell]  me  what  is  (194.  b)  the  angel's  name. 
4.  The  soldiers  took  his  raiment,  and  made  (wyrcean) 
four  parts,  (om.  to)  every  soldier  a  part ;  thus  did  the 
soldiers.  5.  The  mother  of  Jesus  stood  by  (wiar,  172) 
the  €ro88.  6.  Many  read  this  writing.  7.  With  his 
little  hatchet  he  cut  down  (forceorfan,  104)  the  tree. 
8.  The  ax  is  placed  (fts^ttan)  into  (to)  the  root  (wyrt- 
ruma,  53)  of  the  trees.  9.  He  took  an  ax  in  his  hand. 
10.  Sell  (s^llan)  me  five  hatchets.  IL  His  bodily  in- 
firmity was  very  grievous.  12.  Your  companionship  is 
very  pleasant.  13.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  [though]  the 
faith  of  God  grew  (196.  «)? 

Bzeretae  24. 

1.  He  that  (se  (Fe)  sitteth  on  the  throne  shall  dwell 
(wuniaii)  in  the  midst  of  them.  2.  Angels  are  spirits 
without  body.  3.  I  saw  a  star  (169)  fall  from  heaven 
unto  [until]  the  eartli.  1.  He  that  overcometh,  the 
same  shall  be  clothed  (gr^scrydan)  in  white  (hwit)  rai- 
ment. 5.  These  things  saith  he  that  is  holy.  6.  Fear 
him  (CTone)  that  is  able  to  destroy  (fordon)  both  soul 
and  body  in  (on,  166)  hell.  7.  I  am  not  worthy  (wierJjTe) 
that  thou  enter  under  (172)  my  roof.  8.  Great  is  your 
reward  in  heaven  (plur.).  9.  If  God  so  clothes  (om. 
the)  grass  of  the  field,  which  (87.  6)  to-day  is,  and  is 
(hitf)  to-morrow  sent  (as^ndau)  into  (on,  172)  the  oven, 
much  (178)  more  he  (am.  shall)  clothe  you,  O  ye  of  little 
faith.  10.  Better  is  the  soul  than  food  (m^te),  and  the 
body  than  its  raiment.  11.  Behold  (behealdan)  the 
birds  of  heaven  ;  your  heavenly  Father  feedeth  (fedan) 
them.     12.  What  shall  (sculon)  we  eat,  or  what  drink  ? 


/^  O*-  THE  >. 

\    1>4IY£RS1TY    ! 
EXERCIS^Sl^IN  OI^D  E^^GLISH.  13 

Exercise  25. 

1.  He  that  (se  STe)  loveth  not  his  brother,  whom 
(87.  J)  he  seeth,  how  can  (mugan)  he  love  God, 
whom  he  seeth  not?  2.  The  time  of  my  departure 
is  nigh  at  hand.  3.  He  did  something  (hwsethwega) 
of  this  sort,  while  his  companions  were  going  to  town 
(burg)'  4.  Be  with  the  brethren.  5.  Open  the  win- 
dows of  the  house.  6.  Love  (plur.)  your  enemies,  do 
(om.  to)  them  well  that  hate  you,  that  ye  (om.  may) 
be  (196.  /)  children  of  your  Father,  which  (87.  6)  is 
in  heaven  (plur.).  7.  Ye  are  my  friends,  if  ye  do 
(ind.)  the  things  which  (87.  c?)  1  command  (bebeodan) 
you  (verb  last).  8.  The  birds  sang  the  sweetest  song, 
winsome  (ace.)  to  hear.  9.  The  roof  of  the  church  is 
very  high,  10,  There  (3'a)  was  suddenly  with  the 
angel  (om.  a)  multitude  [number]  of  the  heavenly  host, 
praising  (gen.  plur.;   cf.  189.  2)  God,  and  thus  saying. 

11.  To  God   be   (193)   glory   (wuldor)   in   (om.   the) 
heights,  and  on  earth  peace  (^om,  to)  men  of  good  will. 

12.  He   returned  (^fthweorfan)    (om.   by)   the   same 
way  that  he  had  come  (see  ser,  adv.). 


VIII. 

Exercise  26. 

1.  Thou  art  dust,  and  thou  returnest  (gew^ndan)  to 
dust.  2.  So  much  (swiSfe)  loved  God  (om.  the)  world 
(middangeard),  that  he  gave  (s^llan)  his  only-begotten 
(anc^nned)  Son,  that  no  one  (om.  may)  perish  (196./) 
that  (87.  d)  belie veth  in  (on,  172)  him,  but  have  (196. 


14  EXERCISES  IN   OLD  ENGLISH. 

/)  the  eternal  life.  3.  Jesus  said  (cwe9an)  to  him,  I 
am  way,  and  truth,  and  life  ;  no  one  (nftn)  conieth  (183) 
to  the  Father,  except  by  (CFurb)  me.  4,  Peace  1  leave 
(am.  with)  you  (164.  a);  my  peace  I  give  (forgriefan) 
you.  5.  Then  rained  it,  and  there  (tJftr)  came  floods, 
and  blew  winds,  and  fell  (fthreosan)  on  that  house; 
and  the  house  fell  (feallan).  G.  So  every  good  tree 
beareth  (beran)  good  fruits  (wSstm),  and  every  evil 
tree  beareth  evil  fruits.  7.  Every  tree  that  (87.  rf) 
beareth  not  good  fruit  (sing.)  is  cut  down  (for- 
ceorfan,  104)  and  cast  into  (am.  the)  fire  (verb  last). 
8.  He  went  into  (on,  172)  a  mountain,  that  he  (am. 
might)  pray  (gebiddan,  184.  6);  and  when  (ff&)  he 
prayed  (184.  6),  his  raiment  was  white  (hwit),  shin- 
ing. 9.  The  mountain,  falling,  (be)cometh  to  naught. 
10.  The  king,  in  all  his  glory  (wuldor),  was  not 
adorned  like  (swft-swft)  one  of  these. 

Exercise  27. 

1.  He  showed  (setiewan)  them  his  precious  things, 
—  the  silver,  and  the  gold,  and  the  spices,  and  all  that 
was  found  (gemetan)  in  his  treasures.  2.  A  certain 
rich  man  was  adorned  (gegl^ngran)  with  purple  (verb 
last).  3.  Then  (p&)  lay  a  certain  poor  man  at  his 
gate.  4.  No  man  gave  (am.  unto)  him  ;  but  dogs 
(bund,  43)  came  and  licked  (liccian,  118)  his  sores 
(wund,  43).  5.  Then  happened  it  that  the  poor  man 
departed  (gewitan);  and  angels  bore  hun  to  Abra- 
ham's (54)  dwelling.  6.  Then  lifted  (ab^bban)  he 
his  eyes  up,  and  saw  Abraham  afar  off  [from  afar]. 
7.  O  father  Abraham,  have   compassion   on   me,  and 


EXEECISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH.  15 

send  Lazarus.  8.  O  son,  remember  that  thou  didst 
receive  goods  in  thy  life.  9.  I  beseech  thee  that  thou 
send  him  to  my  father's  house.  10.  If  they  hear  not 
the  prophets,  they  ((?m.  will)  not  believe,  though  any 
one  (liwa)  arise  from  death  (verb  last).  11.  Provide 
for  yourselves  (184.  a)  friends  (156.  n)  in  (on)  God's 
poor  (arearfa).  Ye  have  many  Lazaruses  (Lazaras) 
now  lying  at  your  gates. 


IX. 

Exercise  28. 

1.  Every  one  that  (87.  6?)  forsakes  for  my  name  his 
house,  or  his  brethren,  or  sisters  (52.  3),  or  father,  or 
mother,  or  wife,  or  children,  or  lands,  with  a  hundred- 
fold (om,  it  shall)  be  requited  to  him  (verb  last),  and 
he  shall  have  besides  eternal  life.  2.  He  gave  (s^llan) 
to  each  a  penny  in  return  for  his  day's  work.  3.  He 
sent  them  into  (on,  172)  his  vineyard.  4.  He  saw 
others  in  (om.  the)  public  place  standing  (169)  idle. 
5.  Then  said  he.  Go  ye  also  into  my  vineyard,  and  I 
will  give  you  what  (STaet)  is  right.  6.  Once  more  he 
went  out  about  (ymbe,  172)  the  sixth  and  ninth  hour, 
and  did  similarly.  7.  Then  about  the  eleventh  hour 
he  went  out,  and  found  others  standing  (pres.  part.). 

8.  Then  said  he.  Why  stand   ye   here   all   day  idle  ? 

9.  Then  said  they.  Because  no  man  (om.  hath)  hired 
(liyrian,  118)  us.  10.  Truly,  when  even  was  come 
[when  it  was  evening  become],  then  said  the  lord 
(lilaford)  of  the  vineyard  to  his  steward  (g^erefa,  53), 


16  EXBBCnffiES  IN  OLD  ENGLISH. 

Call  (cleopian)  the  workmen,  and  pay  them  (164.  a) 
their  hire  (med).  11.  Accordingly,  when  those  came 
that  came  about  the  eleventh  hour  (verb  last),  then 
received  they  each  his  penny.  12.  And  those,  that 
there  (iraSr)  first  came,  supposed  that  they  should 
(sculan)  receive  more  (mftre). 

Exercise  29. 

1.  Thou  (pm.  hast)  made  (ddn)  them  equal  (gelic) 
(om,  unto)  us,  which  (87.  d)  (am.  have)  borne  burdens 
(51.  5)  in  this  day^s  heat.  2.  Take  that  is  thine,  and 
go  (om.  thy  way);  I  will  give  unto  this  (om.  one)  just 
(eall)  as  much  as  (om.  unto)  thee.  3.  May  I  not  do 
what  (CTaet)  I  will  ?  4.  Camest  thou  not  to  me  to 
work  (wyrcean,  200)  for  (wIDT)  one  penny?  6.  He 
was  (om,  a)  man  (wer)  and  j)rophet,  miglity  in  speech 
and  in  deed  (weopc)  before  (beforan,  166)  God  and 
all  (pm,  the)  people  (folc).  6.  That  is  the  judgment, 
that  light  (am,  is)  come  into  (on,  172)  (om.  the) 
world,  and  men  loved  darkness  (plur.)  rather  (swi- 
CTor)  than  the  light,  because  their  deeds  (weorc) 
were  evil.  7.  God  sent  not  his  son  into  (om.  the) 
world  that  he  (om.  should)  condemn  the  world,  but 
that  the  world  (om.  may)  be  saved  (hselan,  113)  by 
(OTuph)  him.  8.  Your  reward  (om.  shall)  be  great, 
and  ye  shall  be  (om.  the)  children  of  the  Highest; 
because  he  is  kind  (god)  unto  (ofer,  172)  (om.  the) 
unthankful  and  evil.  9.  Give,  and  (om.  it)  shall  be 
given  you.  10.  The  disciple  (leorningcniht,  43)  is 
not  above  (ofer,  172)  his  master  (lareow).  11.  Show 
us  thy  mercy,  and  grant  us  thy  salvation. 


EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH.  17 

Exercise  30. 

1.  Swear  (thou)  not  by  (STurh)  heaven,  because  it  is 
God's  throne ;  nor  by  earth,  because  it  is  his  footstool 
(fotsceamul,  43);  nor  by  Jerusalem  (Hierusalem),  be- 
cause it  is  (^om,  the)  city  of  (om.  the)  great  (msere) 
king.  2.  Swear  not  by  thy  head,  because  thou  canst 
not  make  (wyrcean)  one  hair  (hger,  47)  white  or  black. 
3.  Be  your  (plur.)  speech  thus.  It  is.  It  is  not.  4.  Ye 
(om.  have)  heard  that  (om.  it)  was  said.  Eye  for  (for, 
166)  eye,  and  tooth  (46)  for  tooth.  5.  He  that  breaks 
(toweorpan,  104)  one  of  (of,  166)  these  least  command- 
ments (bebocl,  47),  and  teacheth  (Iseran)  men  so  (verb 
last),  he  (se)  shall  be  named  least  in  (om.  the)  kingdom 
(rice)  of  heaven.  6.  He  that  doeth  and  teacheth  it,  he 
shall  be  called  great  (inicel).  7.  Ye  (am,  have)  heard 
that  (om.  it)  was  said  in  old  times  (tid).  Kill  (thou) 
not.  8.  Is  it  your  (sing.)  earth?  9.  He  has  from  his 
labor  what  he  can.  10.  The  sun  parched  his  field. 
11.  The  roads  (weg)  should  blossom  (blostmian,  118), 
the  roads  should  bloom,  so  fair  (faeger)  (^om,  a)  bride 
(bryd,  51.  6)  shall  leave  her  home  (ham).  12.  If  they 
can,  let  them  live  without  me.  13.  He  never  forsakes 
those  that  trust  in  (on)  him  (172). 


X,   XI. 

Exercise  31. 

1.  I  know  truly  that  my  Redeemer  liveth.  2.  In  my 
flesh  I  shall  see  God,  I  (^om.  my) self,  and  not  (na) 
(om.  an)other.      3.  He  was  taught  (187)  to  do  God's 


18  EXERCISES  IN  OLD  ENGLISH. 

will.  4.  Lead  (thou)  us  not  into  temptation,  but  de- 
liver us  from  evil.  5.  Be  thy  name  hallowed.  6.  Thy 
will  befall  (geweor9an,  verb  first)  in  earth  as  (swft- 
swft)  in  heaven(8).  7.  No  king  of  tlie  Englisli  wius 
80  great  as  Alfred.  8.  He  fought  with  tlie  Danes  (44. 
2);  he  judged  his  ])eople ;  he  made  translations  from 
Latin ;  he  was  poet  (leo9wyrhta).  9.  His  mother 
hight  Osburg,  and  his  father  iEthelwulf.  10.  He 
lived  fifty-two  years.  11.  He  learned  reading  after 
he  was  twelve  (155)  years  (154.  c)  old.  12.  His 
mother  had  a  book  of  English  i)oems,  which  she  prom- 
ised (om.  to)  whichever  of  her  two  sons  (am.  sliould) 
first  learn  it.  13.  Alfred  asked  her,  Wilt  thou  in  fact 
give  that  book  to  one  of  us  two  (uncer),  (om.  to)  him 
who  first  understands  (ongrletan)  it?  14.  Asser,  Al- 
fred's bishop,  wrote  a  book  of  (153)  the  king's  life. 


xn,  xiiL 

Exercise  82. 

1.  I  bid  you  all  farewell  (gretan).  2.  When  they 
had  rowed  about  (swilce)  twenty  furlongs  (furlang, 
47),  or  thirty,  then  saw  they  Jesus  walking  (gan)  on 
(uppan,  166)  the  sea  (verb  last).  3.  He  arose  and 
commanded  (bebeodan)  the  wind  (164.  fi),  and  said 
(cwetFan)  to  the  sea.  Subside.  4.  Tlie  wind  ceased 
(geswican),  and  there  was  (weoraran)  (om.  a)  great 
calm.  5.  Thou  hearest  his  voice,  and  thou  knowest 
not  whence  he  cometh,  nor  whither  he  goeth.  6.  He 
saw  two  bretliren  casting  (s^ndan)  their  net  (n^tt,  47) 


EXERCISES   IlSr   OLD   ENGLISH.  19 

into  (on,  172)  the  sea ;  they  were  fishers.  7.  And  he 
said  (s^cgean)  to  them  (164.  6),  Come  after  (sefter, 
166)  me,  and  I  (om.  will)  make  (don)  that  ye  (dual) 
are  fishers  of  men  (153.  d) ;  and  they  immediately  left 
their  nets.  8.  If  thy  hand  or  thy  foot  offend  (seswic- 
ian,  118)  thee,  cut  it  (aceorfan,  104)  off  (of),  and  cast 
(om.  it)  from  thee ;  (^om.  it)  is  better  (om.  for)  thee 
(165)  that  thou  go  halt  (healt,  58)  into  life,  than  (om. 
that)  thou  have  two  hands  and  two  feet,  and  be  cast 
into  everlasting  fire.  9.  If  any  (hwilc)  man  hath  (om, 
a)  hundred  sheep  (154.  (?),  and  loseth  (forleosan)  one 
of  (of,  166)  them  [those],  Qom,  doth)  he  not  leave  the 
nine  and  ninety  in  the  mountains,  and  goeth  and  seek- 
eth  (secean)  the  one  that  (87.  d)  was  perishing  (for- 
wearO")?  10.  And  if  it  happeneth  that  he  finds  it, 
truly  I  say  (s^cgean)  to  you  that  he  rejoiceth  more 
(swiSFor)  over  (ofer,  172)  that  one  than  over  the  nine 
and  ninety.  11.  When  he  cometh  home  (ham),  he 
calleth  (cleopian)  together  his  friends  and  his  neigh- 
bors (neahgebur,  43),  and  saith  (cweSTan),  Rejoice 
with  me,  because  I  (om,  have)  found  my  lost  sheep. 

Exercise  33. 

1.  And,  going  (gangan)  into  (into,  166)  the  house, 
they  found  the  child  with  Mary  (Maria,  53)  his  mother. 

2.  Arise,  and  take  (niman)  the  child  and  his  mother  by 
night,  and  flee  to  (to,  166)  (om,  the)  land  of  the  Egyp- 
tians, and  be  there  until  (that)  I  tell  thee  (verb  last). 

3.  He  arose  then,  and  took  the  child  and  his  mother  by 
night,  and  journeyed  into  (on,  172)  the  land  of  the 
Egyptians  ;   that  it  (om,  might)  be  fulfilled  (gefyllan) 


20  EXEKCISES  IX  OLD  ENGLISH. 

which  (87.  a)  was  spoken  (cwefTan)  of  (fram,  166) 
(am.  the)  Lord  by  (OTurh,  172)  the  prophet,  From  (of, 
166)  (om.  the)  Egyptians  (om.  have)  I  called  (cleopian) 
my  son.      4.  What  can  they  ask  for  [request ;  156.  6]? 

6.  The  sun  rules  over  the  day  (156.  /).  6.  They 
expected  nothing  but  [except]  death   itself  (156.  ^). 

7.  Thou  wilt  cease  from  thy  work  (156.  A).  8.  Per- 
haps he  will  find  a  friend  (194.  a).  9.  He  said  to 
them,  I  will  (139)  go  a  fishing ;  they  said,  And  we 
will  go  with  thee.  10.  They  went  out  (fit),  and  went 
into  (om.  a)  ship,  and  caught  nothing  (183)  in  (on) 
that  night. 

Exercise  84. 

1.  Whoever  you  are  (193.  c),  forsake  me  not.  2.  If 
you  find  nobody  (196.  d)  that  will  feed  you,  return 
hither.  3.  Let  my  books  be  sufficient  for  both  of  us 
(see  p.  167,  1.  13).  4.  Both  the  boys  are  well  edu- 
cated. 5.  They  were  both  righteous  before  (beforan, 
166)  God.  6.  I  conjure  thee  by  (CTurh)  the  living 
God,  that  thou  tell  us  if  thou  be  Christ,  (om.  the)  Son 
of  God.  7.  I  tell  you,  After  these  (om.  things),  ye 
shall  see  the  Son  of  Man  sitting  on  (on,  172)  the  right 
hand  of  (om.  the)  majesty  of  God,  and  coming  in  (om. 
the)  clouds  of  heaven.  8.  Be  (om.  it  unto)  you  two 
(dual,  81)  according  to  (sefter)  your  faith.  9.  Truly 
the  Son  of  Man  is  to  come  (200)  in  (on,  166)  his 
Father's  glory  (wuldor),  and  then  ((Tonne)  (om.  shall) 
reward  (figyltan,  113)  every  one  (164)  according  to 
(be)  his  own  work.  10.  When  (DFonne)  Clirist  Com- 
eth, then  knoweth  no  man  whence  he  is.  11.  Jesus 
cried  (cleopian)  and  taught  (laeran)  in   the   temple, 


EXERCISES   IN   OLD  ENGLISH.  21 

and  said,  Me  ye  know  (cunnan),  and  ye  know  (witan) 
whence  I  am  ;  and  I  came  not  from  myself  [me  self] ,  but 
he  is  true  that  (87.  d)  sent  me,  whom  (87.  a)  ye  know 
not.  12.  Ye  have  not  known  (pret.)  him  ;  I  know  him, 
and  if  I  say  that  I  know  (194)  him  not  (verb  last),  I 
(om,  shall)  be  like  (om.  unto)  you  (165);  but  I  know 
him,  and  I  keep  (heal dan)  his  saying  (sprsec).  13.  If 
I  glorify  myself,  my  glory  is  (183)  naught  (verb  first) ; 
my  Father  (om.  it)  is,  that  (87.  cZ)  glorifieth  me,  con- 
cerning whom  (87.  a)  ye  say  (cweafan)  that  he  is  (194) 
your  God. 

Exercise  35. 

1.  Catch  this  ball.  2.  Who  caught  the  black  ball? 
3.  Go  the  way  that  (87.  d^  you  came.  4.  I  never 
played  better  than  I  did  to-day.  5.  She  never  sang 
better  than  she  did  now.  6.  Thrice  (Q'riwa)  I  suf- 
fered shipwreck ;  a  night  (170)  and  a  day  I  was  in 
this  sea.  7.  I  knew  '(witan)  a  certain  man  that  (87.  d) 
was  carried  (Isedan)  unto  (oQ",  172)  the  third  heaven, 
and  there  (9'ger)  heard  the  words  that  no  earthly  man 
may  (not)  speak  (sprecan).  8.  O,  how  narrow  (nearu, 
57.  5)  is  the  gate  and  the  way  that  (87.  d)  leads  to  life 
(verb  last),  and  very  few  (om.  there)  are  that  find  the 
way.  9.  They  come  to  (to,  166)  you  in  sheep's  gar- 
ments (gegierela),  but  within  (innan)  they  are  wolves. 
10.  When  he  came  nigh  (nealsecan)  to  the  gate  (163) 
of  the  city,  tlien  (9*3,)  was  there  (i^rser)  a  dead  man 
carried  (beran).  11.  I  see  a  girl  running  (169)  along 
(172)  the  street.  12.  Anoint  me  with  oil.  13.  Give 
(s^llan)  us  of  (of ,  166)  your  oil.  14.  If  the  Son  de- 
livers you,  ye  (om,  shctii)  indeed  be  free. 


22  EXEKCISES  IN   OLD   ENGLISH. 

Exercise  86. 

1.  Judge  ye  not  according  to  (be)  appearance  (an- 
slen,  51.  6),  but  judge  right  judgment  (168.  1). 
2.  Then  turned  (bew^ndan,  184.  6)  he  to  the  woman, 
and  said,  Seest  thou  this  woman?  I  went  into  (into) 
thy  house,  thou  gavest  me  not  water  for  (t6)  my  feet ; 
this  (om.  one  hath)  washed  (101.  VI.)  my  feet  with 
(mid)  Iier  tears.  3.  Thou  gavest  (verb  hist)  me  not 
(pm,  a)  kiss  (coss,  43);  this  (om.  one),  since  (8i99an) 
I  entered,  (om.  hath)  ceased  not  to  kiss  [that  she 
kissed]  my  feet.  4.  My  head  thou  with  oihj  (pm. 
didst)  not  anoint  (smierwan,  113);  this  one  anointed 
my  feet  with  ointment  (sealf,  51.  6).  5.  Therefore  I 
say  (s^gean)  to  thee  (164.  6),  Many  sins  are  forgiven 
(forgriefan)  her,  because  she  loved  (verb  last)  roe  much 
(swiUfe).  6.  Less  (neut.  ace.  sing.)  loveth  {om.  to) 
whom  (87.  6)  less  forgiven  is.  7.  It  {am.  it)  is  not 
permitted  (ftllefan)  thee  to  have  her  to  wife.  8.  Tlien 
he  promised  with  (mid)  oath  (ft9,  43)  to  give  (s^llan) 
her  whatsoever  she  (om.  should)  ask  (biddan)  him. 
9.  Then,  admonished  (myngrian)  by  (fram)  lier  mother, 
she  said,  Give  me  in  a  disli  (disc,  43)  the  head  of  John 
(Johannes)  the  Baptist  (fulluhtere,  44. 1).  10.  Then 
he  sent  (Ss^ndau),  and  beheaded  (l>eheafdian,  118) 
John  in  the  prison.  11.  And  one  brought  his  head  in 
a  dish. 

Exercise  37. 

[In  this  exercise,  omit  the  article  and  the  second  personal  pronoun 
throughout.] 

1.  Praise  ye  the  Lord  from  (of)  the  heavens ;  praise 
him  in  the  heights.      2.  Praise  ye  him,  all  his  angels ; 


EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH.  23 

praise  him,  all  his  powers  (msegen).  3.  Praise  ye  him, 
sun  and  moon  ;  praise  him,  all  ye  stars  and  light  (leolit). 
4.  Praise  him,  ye  heavens  of  heavens,  and  ye  waters  that 
are  above  (ofer,  172)  the  heavens.  5.  Let  them  praise 
[praise  they]  the  name  of  the  Lord ;  because  he  spake 
(gecweiSfaii),  and  they  were  made  (wyrcean);  he  com- 
manded, and  they  were  created  (p.  190,  1.  19).  6.  He 
hath  appointed  them  for  ever  and  ever ;  he  (om.  hath) 
made  (s^ttan)  a  decree  (bebod,  47),  and  ((?m.  it)  shall 
not  pass  (gewitan).  7.  Praise  the  Lord  from  the  earth, 
ye  dragons  (draca,  53),  and  all  deeps  (neowolnes). 
8.  Fire  and  hail  (haegel,  43);  snow  (snaw,  43)  and  ice 
(is,  47) ;  spirits  of  the  storms  (yst,  51.  h)  which  fulfil 
(don)  his  word ;  9.  Mountains,  and  all  hills  (hyll, 
43) ;  fruitful  (wsestmbsere,  59)  trees,  and  all  cedars  ; 
10.  (Wild)  beasts,  and  all  cattle  ;  serpents,  and  winged 
(grefiafred)  fowl;  11.  Kings  of  the  earth,  and  all  peo- 
ples ;  princes,  and  all  judges  of  the  earth  ;  12.  Young 
((?m.  men),  and  maidens  (fsemne);  old  (om.  men),  with 
children  ;  13.  Let  them  praise  the  name  of  the  Lord  ; 
for  the  name  of  him  alone  is  exalted  (upah^bban), 
his  glory  (wuldor)  is  above  (ofer,  172)  the  earth 
and  heaven.  14.  He  exalteth  the  horn  (horn,  43)  of 
his  people,  the  praise  of  all  his  saints  (halga,  53),  of 
the  children  (beam)  of  Israel  (Israel),  of  the  people 
drawing  nigh  (om,  unto)  him. 

Exercise  38. 

1.  The  king  made  a  great  ivory  (elpenbgenen,  57.  3) 
throne,  and  overlaid  (oferwyrcean)  it  with  (mid)  the 
best  gold.       2.   There  (om.)  was  a  certain  queen  in 


24  EXERCISES  IN  OLD  ENGLISH. 

those  days  in  the  south,  called  (lifttan)  Sheba  (Saba). 
3.  Then  she  heard  the  fame  (lilisa)  of  Solomon  (Salo- 
mones),  and  came  from  the  southern  (sQOrerne,  59) 
boundaries  to  Solomon  within  Jerusalem,  and  her  cam- 
els bore  southern  spices  [herbs],  and  precious  gems, 
and  a  quantity  (unrlm)  of  gold  (154.  a).  4.  The 
queen  then  (pSt)  had  speech  with  (wicr)  Solomon,  and 
said  (om.  to)  him  whatsoever  she  thought  in  her  heart 
(verb  last).  5.  Solomon  then  taught  her,  and  told 
(s^Cflrean)  her  the  meaning  of  all  the  words  that  (87. 
d)  she  asked  (ftscian)  him.  6.  Then  the  queen  saw 
the  wisdom  of  Solomon,  and  the  great  (mSre)  temple 
that  (87.  d)  he  (om.  had)  built,  and  the  king's  manifold 
services.  7.  She  was  so  (15  DTan)  greatly  astonished 
(ofwundriau,  118),  that  she  had  no  spirit  more  (fur- 
DTor).  8.  She  siiid  then  to  (t5)  the  king.  True  is  the 
word  that  (87.  d)  I  heard  in  my  country  concerning 
thee  and  thy  wisdom  (wisdom);  but  I  would  not  be- 
lieve before  I  (om.  my)self  saw  (196.  6)  it  (verb  last). 

9.  Greater  (micel,  66)  is  thy  wisdom  and  thy  work 
than   the   report  (lilisa)   was  (w»re)   that   I    heard. 

10.  Blessed  (eadisr)  are  thy  vassals  and  thy  servants 
(ffeowa,  53),  that  always  (simle)  stand  before  (aet- 
foran)  thee,  and  hear  thy  wisdom. 

Exercise  39. 

1.  Blessed  (bletsian)  be  the  almighty  God,  who  (87. 
d)  selected  thee,  and  placed  (ges^ttan)  thee  over  (ofer, 
172)  the  kingdom  of  the  Israelites  (Israela),  that  thou 
{om.  mightest)  establish  (s^ttan)  judgments  and  right- 
eousness.     2.   She  gave  (forgiefan)  the  king  (otw.  a) 


EXEKCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH.  25 

hundred  and  twenty  pounds  (154.  c)  of  gold  (154.  a), 
and  (^om,  a)  multitude  of  precious  spices  (wyrt)  and 
of  precious  stones.  3.  Solomon  also  gave  the  queen 
whatsoever  she  desired  (griernan)  of  (set)  him ;  and 
she  returned  (grew^ndan)  again  (oiigean)  to  her  coun- 
try with  her  retainers.  4.  Solomon  then  was  magnified 
(msersian,  118)  above  (ofer,  166)  all  earthly  kings  ;  and 
all  nations  (STeod)  desired  (gewilnian)  to  see  [that  they 
might  see,  194.  J]  him,  and  hear  his  wisdom.  5.  Who- 
soever buildeth  upon  (ofer,  166)  this  foundation  (grund- 
weall,  43)  gold,  or  silver,  or  precious  stones,  or  trees, 
straw  (streaw,  47)  or  chaff  (ceaf,  47),  every  one's  (anes 
g-eliwilces)  work  shall  be  manifested.  6.  If  the  build- 
ing (^etimbrung,  51.  3)  continues  (STurhwunian,  118), 
and  withstands  the  fire  (164.  m),  then  shall  the  workman 
receive  (om.  a)  reward  (edlean,  47)  from  (set)  God  for 
his  work  (153.  e),  7.  No  (183)  eye  can  in  this  life  see, 
nor  any  (183)  ear  (53.  2)  hear,  nor  any  (183)  man's 
heart  conceive  (asmean,  113),  the  things  that  God  pre- 
pares (gearcian,  118)  (om,  for)  those  that  love  him. 

Exercise  40. 

1.  The  angel  saluted  Mary,  and  said  that  she  was 
(194.  5)  filled  (afyllan,  113)  with  God's  grace  [gift], 
and  that  God  was  with  her  (preposition  last);  and 
she  was  blessed  (bletsian)  among  women.  2.  My 
soul  (om,  doth)  magnify  (msersian)  the  Lord,  and 
my  spirit  (om,  hath)  rejoiced  in  God  my  Saviour. 
3.  For  he  regarded  (geseon)  the  humility  of  his  hand- 
maiden (afinen,  51.  5);  verily  (soSTlice),  hence  forth  all 
generations  (cneoris)  shall  call  (s^cgean)  me  blessed 


26  EXERCISES   IN   OLT>    KXOTJSH. 

(Sadiflr).  4.  For  he  that  (se  CFe)  is  mighty  hath  done 
(oTii.  to)  me  great  things  ;  and  lioly  is  his  name.  5.  And 
his  mercy  is  (om.  on  those)  fearing  (161)  him  from  (of) 
generation  to  (od)  generation.  6.  He  hath  put  down 
(ftweorpan)  tlie  jK)werful  from  (of)  (om.  their)  seat, 
and  lifted  up  (Qpfth^bban)  the  lowly.  7.  He  hath  filled 
the  hungering  (^om.  ones)  with  good  (om.  things),  and 
the  rich  (rice)  he  hath  let  go  empty.  8.  He  hath 
accepted  his  servant  (cniht)  Israel,  and  remembered 
his  mercy.  9.  As  he  spake  (sprecan)  to  (t5)  our 
fathers,  Abraham  and  his  seed,  for  ever  and  ever. 
10.  Mary  dwelt  with  her  about  (swilce)  three  months, 
and  returned  (gew^iidan)  then  to  her  own  house. 


Bzerctoe  41. 

1.  God  was  ever,  and  ever  was  his  wisdom  begotten 
of  (of)  him,  and  the  wisdom  is  his  Son,  just  as  mighty 
as  the  Father.  2.  The  Spirit  of  God  fiUeth  all  the  cir- 
cuit  of  the  world,  and  he  maintaineth  all  things.  3.  He 
that  doeth  (wypcean)  my  Father's  will,  he  is  my  brother, 
and  my  mother,  and  my  sister.  4.  We  brought  (bring- 
an)  no  thing  to  this  world,  nor  can  we  take  (Isedan) 
any  (183)  thing  hence  with  us.  6.  Ask  (biddan),  and 
((wi.  it  shall)  be  given  you;  seek,  and  ye  shall  find; 
knock  (cnucian,  118),  and  it  shall  be  opened  (om.  to)  you. 
6.  Our  Father,  thou  which  (87.  d)  art  in  heaven (s),  be 
thy  name  hallowed.  7.  Thy  kingdom  (rice)  come  (to- 
cuman ;  verb  first);  thy  will  befall  (geweorCTan)  on 
earth  as  (swa-swft)  in  heaveh(s)  (verb  first).  8.  Give 
(s^llau)  us  to-day  our  daily  (daeghwamlie,  55)  bread  ; 
and  forgive  (forgiefan)  us  our  debts  (gylt,  43),  as  we 


EXERCISES   IN    OLD   ENGLISH.  27 

forgive  (164)  our  debtors  (gyltend,  43.  6).  9.  And 
lead  thou  us  not  into  (on,  172)  temptation  (costnung-), 
but  deliver  us  from  evil.  10.  Be  it  so.  11.  What 
(hwilc)  father  will  give  to  his  child  (164.  a)  a  stone, 
if  it  asks  (156.  h ;  159.  6)  bread  of  him  ?  12.  God  wrote 
(awritan)  the  old  law  (se)  with  his  finger  (finger,  43) 
on  the  stone  tables  (tabele,  53). 

Exercise  42. 

1.  The  young  man  fell  in  love  with  the  girl  (p.  175, 
1.  20  ;  cf.  min  lufu  befielS"  on  Sfe,  'my  love  falls  on  thee,' 
'  I  fall  in  love  with  thee ').  2.  I  heard  the  voice  of  harpers 
harping  with  their  harps ;  and  they  sung  a  new  song 
before  the  throne,  and  before  the  four  beasts ;  and  no 
man  could  learn  that  song  except  the  hundred  and  forty 
and  four  thousand.  3.  I  saw  so  great  (om.  a)  company 
(m^nigu),  as  no  man  can  number  (gerinian),  of  all 
nations  and  of  every  tribe  (maegar),  standing  before 
the  throne  (STrymsetl)  of  God,  all  clothed  (gescrydan) 
with  white  garments  (geg^ierela),  and  holding  palm- 
twigs  (palmtwig,  47)  in  their  hands.  4.  And  they 
sang  with  (om,  a)  loud  (hlud)  voice,  Be  salvation  (om, 
to)  our  God  which  sitteth  upon  (ofer,  166)  his  throne. 
5.  And  all  (om,  the)  angels  stood  round  about  [in  cir- 
cuit of]  his  throne,  and  bowed  (alutan,  103)  to  God, 
thus  saying,  6.  Be  (om,  to)  our  God  blessing  and 
brightness,  wisdom  and  thanksgiving  (larancung),  dig- 
nity and  strength,  for  ever  and  ever.  7.  Foxes  (fox, 
43)  have  holes  (liol,  47),  and  the  birds  of  heaven  nests 
(nest,  47) ;  but  (soiETlice)  the  Son  of  Man  hath  not  where 
(hwser)  he  (om,  may)  lay  (ahyldan,    113)  his  head. 


28  BXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH. 

8.  The  soldiers  platted  (windan,  104)  (om,  a)  crown 
of  (of)  thorns  (OForn,  43),  and  phiced  on  (172)  his  head, 
and  a  reed  (hreod,  47)  in  his  right  (om.  hand),  and 
bowed  their  knee  before  him,  thus  saying.  Hale  be 
thou.  King  of  the  Jews  (ludea).  9.  And  they  spit 
(sp»tan,  113)  on  (on,  172)  him,  and  took  {om.  a) 
reed  and  smote  (beatan)  his  head. 

Exercise  48. 

1.  All  [each]  flesh  is  grass,  and  the  glory  (wuldor) 
of  the  flesh  is  like  [as  if]  the  blossom  of  herbs.  2.  No 
man  heard  (183)  his  voice  in  {om.  the)  streets.  8.  Cry 
(cleoptan),  and  cease  thou  not,  lift  up  (fth^bban)  thy 
voice  like  (swft-swft)  (om.  a)  trumpet.  4.  Lady,  whither 
goestthou?  5.  Thou  doest  ill  (jrfele).  6.  He  did  ill, 
because  he  censured  the  princess,  the  king's  daughter. 
7.  They  never  learned  arithmetic  well.  8.  You  (plur.) 
will  soon  know  what  you  do  not  yet  know.  9.  Play 
(with)  ball !  10.  I  eat  nothing,  although  other  men  eat 
and  are  merry.  11.  I  desire  to  learn  [that  I  may  learn] 
from  you  the  knowledge  that  you  have.  12.  Choose 
which  of  them  you  (sing.)  will.  13.  Within  a  few 
hours,  two  educated  and  high-born  men  came  toward 
him.  14.  I  woo  the  illustrious  maiden.  15.  We  all 
say  that  no  one  here  is  (194.  6)  so  acceptable  to  God  as 
he.  16.  At  first  he  thought  that  he  should  be  slain 
[that  one  should  slay  him].  17.  We  all  fall  at  (to) 
your  (sing.)  feet.  18.  I  (om.  do)  not  believe  that 
you  are  (194.  J)  my  wife.  19.  Where  is  my  hus- 
band ?  20.  I  lived  eleven  years  in  the  land  of  the 
Egyptians. 


EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH.  29 

Exercise  44. 

1.  Jacob  (lacob)  said  to  his  sons,  Go  and  buy  us  a 
certain  amount  of  food  (m^te).  2.  Then  said  Judah 
(ludas),  The  chief  of  the  land  swore  oaths  before  us 
that  we  should  not  (motan)  come  before  him,  except 
we  bring  our  youngest  brother  with  us.  3.  If  thou 
wilt  send  him  with  us  (verb  last),  we  (om.  will)  go 
together  and  buy  the  things  that  (87.  c?)  we  need 
(beSTurfan,  131).  4.  Ye  dealt  ill  (earmlice)  with 
(wiisr)  me,  when  ye  said  to  him  that  ye  had  more 
(77)  brethren  (154).  5.  The  man  asked  (ascian)  us 
all  whether  our  father  was  living  [lived]  and  whether 
we  had  brethren,  and  we  answered  him ;  we  knew  not 
that  he  would  (willan)  desire  (giernan)  that  (156. 
a),  that  we  should  bring  (Isedan,  194.  6)  our  brother 
thither.  6.  Judah  said,  Send  the  boy  with  me,  that 
we  may  (mugan)  buy  the  things  that  we  need,  that  we 
perish  (forweoriSraii)  not ;  except  I  bring  him  back 
home,  may  I  be  (193.  a)  guilty  (scyldig).  7.  Were 
it  not  for  this  delay  [if  this  delay  were  not],  we  had 
[were,  188]  come  (om,  a)  second  time  (si^*,  176). 
8.  Then  said  Jacob,  If  ye  needs  (niede,  176)  must  do 
so,  do  as  ye  will ;  take  of  (of)  your  best  fruits  in 
vessels,  and  carry  (bringan)  presents  (om.  to)  the 
man,  honey  (hunig,  47)  and  acorns  (aecern,  47). 


Exercise  45. 

1.  Take  your  (plur.)  brother  and  go  to  the  man. 
2.  And  my  Lord  make  (gedon)  him  gracious  (glaed) 
toward  (wi(0r)  you,  that  he  may  give  (agiefan,  196.  /) 


80  EXERCISES    IN    OLD    ENGLISH. 

you  your  brother,  whom  he  hath  with  him  ;  1  am  now 
bereft  [despoiled]  of  my  children  (156).  3.  Then  they 
took  the  presents  and  double  (twifeald)  money  (feoh, 
47),  and  went  to  the  land  of  the  Egyptians  to  Joseph 
(losep).  4.  When  he  saw  them,  then  said  he  to  (tO) 
his  steward  (gerefa,  53),  Lead  in  these  men,  and  pre- 
pare our  feast,  that  they  may  (mugran)  eat  with  me  at 
noon  (td  middes  daesres,  158  ;  166.  1).  5.  And  he  did 
as  he  was  commanded  [wiis  commanded  him  ;  cf.  p.  177, 
1.  10].  6.  When  they  were  there  (IFftr),  then  they 
became  greatly  frightened,  and  said  to  one  another 
(betweonan  him).  Because  of  (for)  the  money  that 
we  found  in  our  sacks  (sacc,  43),  we  {am.  have)  been 
led  (62)  in  hither,  that  he  may  despoil  us  of  our  asses, 
and  of  our  things,  and  enslave  us  (our)selves.  7.  Then 
said  they  to  (td)  the  steward,  O  sir,  we  pray  (biddan) 
thee  that  thou  hear  (lilystan,  156)  our  speech  ;  we  were 
here  a  while  ago  and  bought  wheat  (hwsete,  44)  for 
ourselves  (161;  184.  a).  8.  When  we  had  trafficked 
(ceapian)  and  were  on  the  way  home  (hftmweard 
w»ron),  then  we  undid  (und5n)  our  sacks ;  then  we 
found  the  money  therein  which  we  had  given  (see  ftr, 
adv.).  9.  Now  we  have  brought  it  back,  and  also 
other  silver  to  traffic  with  [with  to  traffic];  and  we 
know  not  who  put  (don)  it  into  (on,  172)  our  sacks. 


Exercise  46. 

1.  Then  said  the  steward,  Peace  be  with  you,  fear 
(ondrsedan,  184)  ye  not ;  your  God  and  your  father's 
God  (om.  hath)  given  you  treasure  in  your  sacks. 
2.   And   they  washed   (101)  their   feet,  and   he   gave 


EXERCISES   IN    OLD    ENGLISH.  31 

their  asses  provender  [fodder].  3.  They  set  (l^c- 
gean)  forth  their  presents,  against  that  (ongean 
araette)  Joseph  (^om,  should)  enter.  4.  Then  Joseph 
recognized  them,  and  asked  them  whether  their  father 
was  hale,  or  whether  he  was  living  [lived].  5.  Then 
said  they.  Thy  servant  (lareow)  our  father  is  well 
(gesund);  he  is  yet  alive  [liveth  yet],  6.  When 
Joseph  saw  his  brother  Benjamin,  then  said  he.  Is 
this  (neut.)  the  lad,  (^om,  of)  whom  (87.  d^  ye  told 
me  before  (fores^cgean)  ?  And  he  said,  God  have 
compassion  on  thee,  my  son.  7.  Then  Joseph  com- 
manded (beodan,  164)  his  steward,  and  said,  Fill  their 
sacks  with  wheat,  and  put  the  money  of  each  of  them 
into  (on,  172)  his  own  sack.  8.  And  take  my  silver 
cup  (laefel,  43),  and  the  price  (weor9',  47)  of  the 
wheat,  which  he  gave  thee,  and  put  into  the  sack  of 
the  youngest ;  and  he  did  so.  9.  In  (om.  the)  morn- 
ing, as  (Q'a)  they  journeyed,  and  they  were  without 
(om.  the)  city,  and  had  gone  (faran)  some  part  of  the 
way,  then  said  Joseph  to  (to)  his  steward.  Arise  and 
go  after  these  men,  and  when  you  have  (196.  6)  over- 
taken [caught]  them,  then  ask  them  why  they  would 
(willan)  requite  good  with  (mid)  evil. 

Exercise  47. 

1.  The  cup,  which  ye  stole  (forstelan,  105),  was 
very  precious  to  my  lord  (hlaford).  2.  He  did  as 
was  commanded  him,  and  when  they  were  overtaken 
[caught],  they  said.  The  money  that  we  found  in  our 
sacks  we  brought  to  thee  from  our  country ;  thinkest 
(wenan)  thou  that  we  (om.  have)  stolen  (stelan)  thy 


32  EXERCISES   IN   OLD   ENGLISH. 

lord's  gold  or  his  silver  ?  3.  Look  for  [seek  out]  it ; 
and  let  him  be  slain  (ofslSan)  with  whom  thou  findest 
(195)  it.  4.  Then  said  he,  With  whomsoever  I  find  it, 
let  him  be  my  servant,  and  let  the  others  be  blameless 
(cliene).  5.  And  he  sought  from  (fram)  tlie  eldest 
unto  [until]  the  youngest ;  and  he  found  the  cup  in 
Benjamin's  siick  ;   and  they  turned  back  to  the  city. 

6.  And  Judah  went  in  first  (fyrmest)  with  his  brethren 
to  Joseph,  and  they  fell  all  together  before  Joseph. 

7.  And  he  said  to  (t6)  them.  Why  would  ye  do  so 
(verb  last)  ?  8.  Let  him  be  my  servant  who  stole  the 
cup,  and  go  ye  free  to  your  father.  9.  Tlien  said 
Judah,  Thou  askedst  us  before  whether  we  had  father 
or  brother.  10.  And  we  said,  We  have  (om.  an)  old 
father,  and  he  hatli  with  him  our  youngest  brother, 
and  he  loveth  him  alone  (aenne)  above  (ofer)  us  all. 
11.  And  thou  commandedst  us  that  we  {om.  should) 
bring  him  to  thee,  that  thou  (am.  mightest)  see  him, 
and  know  by  (be)  that  that  we  were  not  spies  (scSaw- 
ere,  44). 

Exercise  48. 

1.  And  I  swore  oaths  (om.  to)  my  father  that  I  (om. 
would)  bring  him  home  again  to  (to)  him,  and  said. 
Except  I  bring  him  again  back  to  thee,  let  me  be  ever 
guilty  (scyldlg)  toward  (wUr)  thee.  2.  My  lord,  let 
(l»tan)  the  lad  go  home  with  his  brethren,  and  (^am. 
let)  me  be  thy  servant  instead  of  (for,  172)  him.  3.  I 
dare  not  go  home  without  the  lad,  lest  I  see  my  father's 
grief.  4.  Then  could  (mugan)  not  Joseph  conceal 
(diernan,  113)  himself  longer,  but  he  drove  all  the 
others  out,  that  no  foreign  man  (om.  should)  be  among 


EXERCISES   EST   OLD   ENGLISH.  33 

them.  5.  And  he  wept  and  cried  (cleopian)  with  a 
loud  (hlud)  voice  (160.  1);  and  he  said  to  (to)  his 
brethren,  I  am  Joseph ;  (om,  doth)  our  father  live  yet 
(nu  giet)  ?  6.  Fear  ye  (184)  nothing,  nor  (om,  let)  it 
grieve  (190)  you  that  ye  sold  (s^llan)  me  into  this 
kingdom ;  indeed  (om,  it  was)  for  your  benefit  God 
sent  me  into  the  land  of  the  Egyptians.  7.  Now  two 
years  has  been  [was]  famine  over  (172)  all  (om,  the) 
earth,  and  (om,  there)  yet  shall  (om,  be)  five,  in  which 
one  can  (mugan)  neither  (89.  a)  plow  (^rian,  116)  nor 
reap  (ripan,  102),  8.  Go  quickly  to  my  father  and  tell 
him  that  God  has  set  me  as  a  (to)  lord  (om,  to)  all 
(om,  the)  Egyptians ;  bid  (beodan)  him  (164)  that  he 
come  to  me  and  dwell  in  this  land.  9.  Do  thus,  that 
ye  perish  not.  10.  Now  ye  see  how  it  is  with  me,  and 
ye  hear  what  I  say  (sprecan)  to  (to)  you. 


EN&LISH-OLD  ENGLISH  VOCABULAKY. 


ENGLISH -OLD  ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


[In  the  use  of  this  Vocabulary  with  reference  to  translation  into  Old 
English,  one  caution  must  be  observed.  If  more  than  two  definitions  of  a 
word  are  given,  the  student  should  never  use  either  in  translation  until  he 
has  found  the  word  so  used  in  the  text  of  the  First  Book,  or  at  least  has 
looked  up  the  word  in  the  Vocabulary  of  the  First  Book,  to  see  in  what 
sense  it  is  employed.  For  an  example,  see  '  account,'  infra,  where  intinga 
and  spell  have  entirely  different  meanings. 

The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  the  sections  of  the  First  Book. 

A  few  words  are  here  inserted  which  are  not  found  in  the  West  Saxon 
prose  texts  of  the  First  Book.  If  these  occur  in  the  poetry  or  the  dialectic 
prose  pieces,  they  are  designated  by  t ;  if  they  do  not  occur  anywhere  in 
the  volume,  by  J.] 


A. 

a:  an  (79). 

abandon  :  forlsetan  (R.  110). 

ability:  mseiJ  (51.  b). 

a  bit:  awiht  (89.  6). 

(be)  able:  mugan  (135). 

(go)  aboard:  astigan  (I.  102). 

abounding:  welig  (57.  3). 

about,  adv. :  abutan,  ntan,  ymb- 

ntan. 
about,  prep. ;  abutan  (172),  aefter 

(166),  ymb(e)  (172). 
above,    adj.    {adv.) :    ufanweard 

(58),  uplic  (57). 
above,  prep. ;  bufan  (166). 
abundant:  genyhtsum  (57). 
abyss:  neowolnes  (51.  5). 
accept:  habban  (121),  onfon  (R. 

110). 
acceptable:  gecweme  (59). 
acceptably :  gecwemlice. 
accomplish:  gefyllan  (113). 


accomplishment :       gecneordnes 

(51.  5). 
according    to:    aefter    (166),    be 

(166),  to  (166). 
accordingly :  eornostlice. 
account:  intinga  (53),  spell  (47). 
accurately:  rihtlice. 
accursed :  past  part,  of  awiergan 

(113). 
accustom:  w^nian  (116). 
acknowledge:  oncnawan(R.109). 
acquire:  begietan  (V.  106). 
acquisition:  tilling  (51.  3). 
across:  ofer  (172). 
act,  subst.:  daed  (51.  1). 
act,  vb. :  plegian  (118). 
adapted  :     gelimplic    (57),    ge- 

screpe  (59). 
add  :  togeiecan  (113),  underSfied- 

an  (113). 
(in)    addition    to    that:     IJser-to- 

eacan. 


37 


88 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


adjure:  mynglan  (118). 
admonish:  manian  (118),  myn- 

fftan  (118). 
adorn:   fistAnan  (118),  gefraet- 

wlan  (118),  gegl^ngan  (118). 
adornment:  gl^ng  (61.  6). 
(know    in)    advance :    forwitan 

(IM). 
advanced:  forCTweard. 
adventure:  faru  (61.  a),  gellmp 

(47). 
adversary:  wf9erwlnna  (68). 
advice:  geffeaht  (47). 
adze:  adeaa  (68). 
afflict:  geVrAatan  (118),  lemiao 

(118). 
aforesaid:    foresAd    (89),   fore- 

spreceo  (ftl). 
aforetime:  Ar. 
after, prep.;  cefter  (166). 
after,  cot\j,:    »fter*9on-9e,  sIV- 

9an. 
afterward :  sefter,  ^ft 
again:  ^ft,  ongSaD. 
against:  ongian  (166,  178),  wl9 

(172). 
age:  ieldu  (61.  a). 
agility :  snelnes  (61.  5). 
ago:  Ar. 

agony  :  nearunes  (61.  5). 
agreeable:  fwger  (67). 
agreeably:  gecwSmllce. 
agreement:  geffwwrnes  (61.  5). 
agriculture :  eorfftilff  (61.  6). 
a  hundred  (fold)  :    hundteontig 

(57). 
aid:  fUltum  (48). 
air:  loft  (47),  lyft  (47;  61.  6). 
alien:  fr^mde  (69). 
a  little :  hwon. 
alive:  cucu,  cwic  (67). 
(make)  alive:  geliflftestau  (118). 
all:  «lc  (58),eall  (68). 
(in)  all:  eaUes  (71). 


(not  at)  all:   nfi,  nftlsM,  nfttea- 

hwOn. 
allow:   ffliefan   (118),  forlAtan 

(R.  110),  lAtan  (R.  110),  lieikn 

(118). 
(from,  on)  all  sides:  Aghwanan. 
almighty:  nlmlhtlg  (67). 
alone:  fto  (79),  ftna  (60). 
along:  geond  (172). 
a  long  time  ago :  gef ym. 
also :  tee,  tee  swllce,  eall  swft, 

ealtwft,  swft  iac,  swllce  6ac. 
although :  Viah,  treah-Ve. 
always:    ft,    Afre,    ealae    weg, 

almle. 
ambassador:  Arendwreca  (68). 
amidst:  tOmlddes  (166). 
among:  betweoh  (172),  betweon- 

an  (166),  betweox  (166,  172), 

UDder  (166,  172). 
(from)  among:  fram  (166). 
amount:  dAl  (48). 
an:  ftn  (79). 

and :  and.    Cf.  both  . . .  and. 
angel :  ^ngel  (48.  4). 
anger:  ftbelgan  (III.  104). 
Angles:  ^ogle  (44.4). 
anguish :  nearunes  (61.  5). 
an  hungered:  hungrig  (67). 
animal:  dSor  (47). 
(wild)  animal:  wUdeor  (47). 
(kind  of)  animals :  deorcynn  (47). 
announce:    fibeodan    (II.    103), 

cytTan  (118),  gecyffan  (118). 
annual:  gearlic  (67). 
anoint:  gesmierwan  (118). 
anon :  on  fin. 

answer,  suhst. :  andsivaru  (61.  a), 
answer,  vb. :  andswarian  (118), 

andwyrdan  (118). 
anticipate:  forecuman  (IV.  105). 
any    (one) :    senig   (57.    3),    seg- 

hwllc  (68),  hwfi  (88),  hwUc 

(68). 


ENGLISH-OLD 


t'N<VERSn 

OF 


LAKY. 


39 


(in)  any  way :  senige  IJinga. 
anxiety:  sorg  (51.  b). 
(be)  anxious:  sorgian  (118). 
(private)  apartment:  bur  (43). 
apparel,   subst.:    gegierela   (53), 

reaf  (47). 
apparel,  vb.:  gescierpan  (113). 
appear:     aeteowian    (118),     ge- 

aryncean  (114). 
apply:  alj^nnan  (115.  a). 
appoint:  getgecean  (114),  ges^tt- 

an  (113). 
approach  :      genealsecan    (113), 

nealeecan  (113). 
appropriate:  agnian  (118). 
ardently:  inweardlice. 
arduous:  Strang  (58). 
arise:  arisan  (I.  102). 
arithmetic:  gerimcraeft  (43). 
arms:  plur.  o/ waepen  (47.  1). 
army:  h^re  (44.  2). 
around,  adv. :  aba  tan,  ymbutan. 
Sivonnd,  prep. :  abutan  (173). 
(sit)  around :  ymbsittau  (V.  106). 
arouse:  aw^ccean  (114). 
arrange:  ge^ndebyrdan  (113). 
array,  subst. :  frsetwung  (51.  3). 
array,  vb. :  scrydan  (113). 
arrive:  becuman  (IV.  105). 
arrogance:  modignes  (51.5),upa- 

hsefednes  (51.  5). 
art:  craeft  (43). 

(secular)  art:  woruldcraeft  (43). 
as:  ealswa,  swa,  swa-swa. 
(just)  as  :  eall  swa,  swa-swa. 
as  also :  STvilce  eac. 
ascend:    astigan    (I.   102),   npa- 

stigan  (I.  102). 
ascend  to:  gestigan  (L  102). 
as  if :  swa-sw^a,  swilce. 
ask :  ascian  (118),  biddan  (V.  106). 
ass:  assa  (53). 
assail:  gestandan  (VI.  107),  on- 

winnan  (IIL  104). 


assemblage;  heap  (43). 
assembly:  gegaderung  (51.  3). 
assiduously :  geornlice. 
assign:  betsecean  (114). 
assist:    fultumian    (118),   geful- 

tumian  (118). 
assistance:  fultum  (43). 
associate,  subst.  :  gegada  (53). 
associate,  vb. :  gem^ngan  (113). 
as  soon :  sona. 
as  soon  as :  si9'3'an. 
assume:  underfon  (R.  110). 
assurance:  anrsednes  (51.  5). 
asunder:  todeelan  (113). 
as  yet :  giet. 
at:  set  (166). 

(not)  at  all:    na,  nalaes,  nates- 
fa  won. 
at  first :  aerest. 
(nigh)  at  hand :  neah. 
at  length  :  set  niehstan. 
at  once  :  sedre,  on  an,  sona. 
attack:  gehrinan  (I.  102). 
attain:    becuman   (V.  106),   ge- 

secean  (114). 
attend:  folgian  (118). 
attendance :  geferscipe  (44.  1). 
attire:  scrud  (47). 
aught:  awiht  (89.  b). 
augment:  geeacnian  (118). 
avail:  genyhtsumlan  (118). 
await:    bidan  (I.  102),  gebidan 

(L  102). 
awaken:  aw^ccean  (114). 
away :  onweg. 
(pass)  away  :  foriyfaran  (VI.  107), 

foriafgeleoran  (113),  tosceacan 

(VI.  107). 
(put)  away :  afierran  (113). 
(slip)  away:  toglfdan  (I.  102). 
(take)    away :    aetbregdan    (III. 

104). 
a  while :  hwilum. 
ax:  aex  (51.  b). 


40 


KNGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


back:    SgSan,  ^tt,  on  bsBcUng, 
ongSan. 

ball:  top(?)  (48),  9oifor  (4S). 

baneful:  biter  (67). 

banish :  ftflerran  (118),  ftfleraian 

(118). 
banquet:   bSoracIpe  (44.  1),  ge- 

beoncipe  (44.  1). 
bath:  b»lflr  (47.  4),  tTwgal  (47). 
bathe:  bafflan  (118). 
battle:  gefeoht  (47). 
be:  geweor9Mn(III.104),  weor9- 

an  (III.  104),  wesan  (188). 
(give  to)  be:  BfUan  (114). 
be  able:  mugan  (186). 
be  anxious:  sorgtan  (118). 
bear,  subst. :  bera  (68). 
bear,  vb. :  beran  (IV.  106),  ge- 

beran  (IV.  106),  gef^rian  (116). 
bear  rule:  ricslan  (118). 
beast:  d«or  (47),  nleten  (47.  1). 
beat:  bSatan  (R.  100). 
beautiful :  f»ger  (67.  3),  wlltig 

(67.  3). 
beauty:  tegemea  (61.  6),  wllte 

(44). 
because :    for-Vfim,   fbr-9fiin-9e, 

for-Von,  for-iBron-9e. 
become:    geweorVan   (III.  104), 

weor9an  (III.  104). 
become  worse:  b^figlan  (118). 
be  concerned  about:    besorgian 

(118). 
bed:  b^d  (47),  r^t  (61.  b). 
be  envious  at:  sefestlan  (118). 
befall:   becuinan  (IV.  106),  ge- 

limpan  (III.  104). 
befit:  gedafenlan  (118). 
before,  adv. :  «r,  beforan. 
before,  prep.:  ser  (166),  «tforan 

(166\  beforan  (166\  for  (166), 

fore  (172),  toforan  (166).  i 


before,  cot\f. :  Sr-9llm-9e. 

be  fruitful:  weaxan  (U.  109). 

beget:  ftc^nnan  (113). 

begin:    figinnan   (III.   104),   on- 

glnnan  (III.  104).  [(68). 

beginning:    anginn  (47),  flruma 
begird:  begyrdan  (118). 
behold,  vb.:  behealdan  (U.  109), 

geacSawian   (118),  sceawian 

(118). 
behold,  interj, :  efne. 
believe:  geliefan  (118). 
bellows:  b^lg  (48). 
beldck:  belQcan  (11.  103). 
belong:  bellnipan  (111.  104). 
be  mindful:  genitman  (134). 
bend:    biegan    (118;,   gebiegan 

(118). 
beneath,  adv, :  beneo9an. 
beneath,  pryp. :  beneo9an  (166). 
benediction:  blSteung  (61.  3). 
benefit,  ntbst, :  rAd  (48),  9earf 

(61.  6). 
benefit,  vb,:  fr^mman  (116.  a), 
benevolent:  wellwlllende  (61). 
be  of  use:  genyhtAiimlan  (118). 
beseech:  biddan  (V.  106). 
beeet:  ymbs^Uan  (114). 
besides :  bStan,  9 »r-toHSacan. 
be  silent:  swTgian  (118). 
best:  b^tst  (66). 
bestow:   dSlan   (118),  geionlan 

(118),  dlOrian  (118). 
bestowal:  s^len  (61.  6). 
be  sufficient  for:   genyhtsumlan 

(113). 
betoken :  tfionlan  (118). 
better,  adj. :  selra  (63). 
better,  adv.:  b^t  (77). 
between:  betweox  (166,  172). 
be  wont:  gewunian  (118). 
bewray:  gesweotolian  (118). 
bid:  biddan  (V.  106),  bebeodan 

(II.  103). 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


41 


billed:  gebilod  (57). 

billow:  ya?  (61.  b), 

bird:  fugol  (43.  4). 

(kind  of)  birds:  fugolcynn  (47). 

birth :  byrd  (51.  b),  gebyrd  (51.  b). 

(noble)  birth:  seQ'elborennes  (51. 

5). 
bishop:  bisceop  (43). 
(a)  bit:  awiht  (89.  b). 
black:  blaec  (57.  2). 
blacksmith :  smiisr  (43). 
blame :  tselan  (113),  witan  (126). 
blameworthy :  to  tale. 
bleach:  bl^can  (113). 
bless:  bletsian  (118),  gebletsian 

(118). 
blessed:  eadig  (57.  3). 
blessing:  bletsuiig  (51.  3). 
bliss:  dream  (43),  eadignes  (51. 

6). 
blithe:  blilJe  (59). 
blood:  blod  (47). 
bloom:  blowan  (R.  109). 
blossom,  subst.  :  blostma  (53). 
blossom,  vb. :  blowan  (R.  109). 
blow :  ablawan  (R.  109),  blavvan 

(R.  109). 
blow  out:  ntablawan  (R.  109). 
blush:  areadian  (118). 
bodiless:  lichamleas  (58). 
bodily:  lichamlic  (57). 
body:  lichama  (53). 
(heavenly)  body:  tungol  (47.  6). 
body  of  water :  waeterscipe  (44. 1). 
bold:  beald  (58). 
boldly :  unforwandiendlice. 
boldness:  anraednes  (51.  5). 
bond:  Ijeow  (58). 
bone:  ban  (47). 
book:  boc  (52). 

boon:  giefu  (51.  a),  tiS"  (51.  5). 
border:  Ian dgem sere  (48). 
bosom:  bosm  (43). 
both:  begen  (79). 


both  .  .  .  and :    gegSSPer  ge  .  .  .  ge, 

ge  .  .  .  ge,  ge  .  .  .  and. 
boudoir:  bur  (43). 
boundary:  gemaere  (48). 
boundless:  onnaete  (59). 
bounty:  s^len  (51.  b). 
bower:  bur  (43). 
boy:  cnapa  (53). 
brass:  maesling  (47). 
bread  :  hlaf  (43). 
breadth:  bradnes  (51.  5). 
break  in  pieces:    tobrecan   (IV. 

105). 
breakup:  toberstan  (III.  104). 
breath:    bleed   (43),  fniest  (43), 

oro'S  (47.  6). 
breathe:  orljian  (118). 
breathe  out :  utablawan  (R.  109). 
bridge:  bryeg  (51.  b). 
bright:  beorht  (58),  leoht  (58). 
(grow)  bright :  gebierhtan  (113). 
brightly:  beorhte. 
brightness:     beorhtnes    (51.    5), 

leoma  (53). 
brilliant:  beorht  (58). 
bring:   bringan  (114),  gelsedan 

(113),  togelsedan  (113). 
bring  forth  :  ac^nnan  (113),  forid*- 

ateon   (IL    103),  forSfbringan 

(IIL  104),  for^teon  (II.   103) 

spryttan  (113). 
bring  in:  ingebringan  (114). 
bring  up:  geteon  (II.  103). 
Britain :  Breoton  (54). 
Briton:  Breoton  (54). 
Britons:  Bryttas  (54). 
broad:  brad  (58). 
brother:  bro9'or  (46.  1). 
build:  gewyrcean  (114), timbran 

(115.  b),  wyrcean  (114). 
burden:  h^fignes  (51.  5). 
bury:  bebyrgan  (113). 
busied:  geornfull  (58). 
busy:  bisig  (57.  3). 


42 


BNGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VO(V\!M'T.  A  It  V. 


but:  ao. 

buy:  bycgean  (114),  gebycgean 

(114). 
by:    fram    (166),    In    (176),    of 

(166),  «rurh  (172). 
by  any  means:  ffinigo  ffing^a. 
by  day :  daeges. 
by  means  of:  9urii  (178). 
by  night :  nlhtes. 
by  no  means :  nft. 
by  which :  tfanan. 


CsBsar:  cflaere  (44.  I). 

call:  ciegan(118).cleoplan(118), 

ge<*fegHii  (118),   fcehfttan  (R. 

110),  hfiUn  (K.  110). 

(is,  was)  called :  hfttte. 

calm,  suhst.:    smyltnes  (61.  6), 

stUnes  (61.  5). 
calm,  adj. :  smylte  (60). 
calm,  vb. :  gesmyltan  (118). 
camel :  olfeiid  (43). 
campaijni:  fierd  (61.  b). 
can :  cuonan  (180),  mugan  (186). 
capacity:  m&tf  (61.  b). 
capture:  nliiian  (IV.  106). 
cargo:  hlsMt  (48). 
carpenter:  trSowwyrhta  (68). 
carry:  fiberan  (IV.  106),  beran 

(IV.  106),  bringan  (ill.  104), 

gebringan  (III.  104),  gef^rlan 

(116),  gelwdan  (118),  ISdan 

(118). 
carry  in:  Inberan  (IV.  106). 
carry  out:  Iwstan  (118). 
least:  fiweorpan  (III.  104). 
catch:   fon  (H.  110),  gelseccean 

(114),  nlman  (IV.  105). 
cattle :  hry9er  (47.  6),  neat  (47), 

nieten  (47),  orf  (47). 
(kind  of )  cattle :  nietencynn(47). 
cause:  intinga  (58). 


cause  enjoy nieni:  lystnn  (113). 
cease:    bllnnan    (ill.    104),    ge- 

swican  (I.  108). 
cedar,  cedar  tree :  cSderbSam  (48). 
celerity:  hraednes(61. A), snelnet 

(61.  5),  swiftnes  (61.  6). 
celestial:  heofonllc  (67). 
celestial  fire :  heofonryr  (47). 
cenaure:  tAlan  (118),  witan  (L 

108). 
censurable :  19  UUe. 
(a)  certain :  sum  (67). 
chance,  subU.:  wSn  (61.  b). 
chance,  vb.:  gefeallan  (U.  109). 
change :  ftw^ndan  (118). 
chastity :  clfinnes  (61.  5). 
cheer:    gefrSfran   (116.   6),  ge- 

rttan  (118). 
chest:  cist  (61.  b). 
chief:  ealdor  (48.  4.  a). 
chief    place:     ealdordOm    (48), 

ealdorscipe  (44.  1). 
child:  beam  (47),  did  (60). 
childhood:  clldbftd  (48). 
choose:    firidian   (118),  cSosan 

(H.  108),  gecSosan  (II.  108). 
Christ:  Crist  (48). 
chronology :  gerimcrseft  (48). 
church:  clHce  (68.  1). 
circuit:  ynibhwyrft  (48). 
citizens:  ceaster(ge)waran  (68). 
city:   burg  (68.  1),  ceaster  (61. 

4). 
clarion:  biema  (68). 
claw-footed :  cllferfete  (59). 
clear:  sweotol  (67). 
clearly :  andgletfUlIice,  sweotole, 

sweotolllce. 
cleverness:  craeft  (48). 
(lofty)  cliff:  hea<-llf(47). 
cloak :  sciccels  (43 ),  wffifels  (43> 
close:  ge^ndung  (51.  3). 
close  in:  fores^ttun  (113). 
I  (linen)  cloth :  sciete  (63.  1). 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULAKY. 


43 


clothe  :      bewsefan     (113),     ge- 

scierpan      (113),      gescrydan 

(113),  scrydan  (113). 
clothed  in  a  tunic   only :    nacod 

(57). 
clothing:  scrud  (47). 
cloud;  wolcen  (47). 
cockle:  weoloc  (43). 
cockle-shell :  weolocsciell  (51.  5). 
cold:  ciele  (44). 
color:  hiw  (47). 
colored:  gebleod  (58). 
come:  beciiman  (IV.  105),  cum- 

an  (IV.  105). 
comely:  wlitig  (57). 
come  to  an  end  :  ge^ndian  (118). 
comfort:  frofor  (51.  b). 
command,  suhst. :  hses  (51.  b). 
command,    vb.  :     bebeodan    (II. 

103),  beodan  (II.  103),  hatan 

(R.  110). 
commend:  bebeodan  (II.  103). 
commit:  befsestan  (113). 
common:  gemaene  (59). 
(in)  common :  gemgenelice. 
communicate:  abeodan  (II.  103). 
companion:  gefera  (53),  gegada 

(53),  gemaca  (53). 
companionship  :    gef  erscipe    (44. 

!)• 
company:    geferrajden    (51.    5), 

m^nigu  (51.  a),  flocc  (43). 
compass  :  widgilnes  (51. 5),  ymb- 

hwyrft  (43). 
compassion:    arfaestnes    (51.   5), 

niildheortnes  (51.  5). 
(have)    compassion    on  :    gemilt- 

sian  (118). 
completely:  mid  ealle  (175). 
compose  :     ges^ttan    (113),     to- 

weorpan  (III.  104). 
conceal:    forswigian  (118),  hel- 

an  (IV.  105). 
concern:  bisgu  (51.  a). 


(be)  concerned  about :  besorgian 

(118). 
concerning:  be  (166). 
concord:  ge9'w£ernes  (51.  5). 
tcondemn:  denian  (113). 
confidence:  anreednes  (51.  5). 
confusion:  unstilnes  (51.  5). 
congregation :  gegaderung  (51. 3). 
conjure:  halsian  (118). 
conquer:  oferswiafan  (113),  ofer- 

winnan  (III.  104). 
consider:  smean  (113),  S'^ncean 

(114). 
consolation:  frofor  (51.  b). 
console:  gefrefan  (115.  6). 
consort:  gemsecoea  (53). 
constant:  singal  (58). 
construct:    gedician   (118),   tim- 

bran  (115.  6),  wyrcean  (114). 
consume:  forniinan  (IV.  105). 
contrivance:  searu  (49). 
control:  geweald  (47). 
conversation :  gesprec  (47) . 
convert:  geweorS'an  (III.  104). 
convey:    aberan    (IV.    105),   ge- 

bringan  (114). 
copper:  ger  (47),  ar  (47). 
(field  of)  corn:  ierd*  (51.  b). 
correctly :  rihtlice. 
couch:  b^dd  (47),  r^st  (51.  b). 
coulter:  culter  (43?). 
counsel:  gelJeaht  (47),lar  (51.  6). 
counselor:  gel^eahtend  (43.  6). 
countenance:  andwlita  (53),  an- 

sien  (51.  &),  gesihiaf  (51.  6). 
country:  card  (43),  eSfel  (43. 4.  a), 

land  (47). 
course:  gang  (43),  stig  (51.  b). 
(first)  course:  9'enung  (51.  3). 
cover  over:    ofersy^ccean    (114), 

oferwreon  (I.  102). 
cowardly:  earg  (58). 
craftsman:  wyrhta  (53). 
crag :  torr  (43). 


44 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


crawl:  creopan  (IL  108). 
create:    gescleppan    (V'L    107), 

Bcleppan  (VL  107). 
creation:     trymtf{}i)    (ftl),    ge- 

•ceafl  (61.  6). 
creator:  scleppend  (48.  0). 
creature :  getceaft  (51.  &),  nieten 

(47.  1). 
creep:  crSopan  (IL  103). 
crop :  lerOr  (61.  b), 
cross:  r9d  (61.  6). 
crowd:  hSap  (48). 
crown:  cynehelm  (48). 
cruel:  wselgrlm  (67),  wtelhrSow 

(58). 
cruelty :  wselhreowiies  (61.  6). 
curse:  ftwtergan  (118). 
curve:  gebiegan  (118). 
custom:  gewuna  (68). 
cutofif:  foret^nan  (118). 
Cyrene:  Cyrenense. 
(of)  Cyrene:  Cyrenlso  (67). 


daily:  dsBgtawamllce. 

damsel :     fffimne    (68),    mAden 

(47). 
danger:  frScnes  (61.  6). 
darkness:  tfiestru  (47). 
daughter :  dohtor  (68.  2). 
dawn:  dagung  (61.  3). 
day:  d»g  (48.  2),  tid  (61.  1). 
day  by  day :  dspghwwmlice. 
dead  :      dead     (68),    fortflrfaren 

(62). 
dear,  a€{). :  ISof  (68). 
dear,  adv. :  luflice. 
death:  deaff  (48). 
decay:  forniiinen  beon. 
deceased:  forfffaren  (62). 
deceive:  beswican  (I.  102). 
deed:  d«d  (61. 1),  iveorc  (47). 
deep,  suhst. :  neowolnes  (61.  6). 


deep,  adj. :  dSop  (68). 
defend:  gescieldan  (118). 
defense:  gebeorg  (47),  gescield- 

nes  (61.  5). 
defer:  slsDcan  (118). 
deferential:  forwandiende  (61). 
dejected:  unrSt  (68). 
delay,  subst. :  ^Icung  (61.  3). 
delay,  vb.:  slascan  (113). 
delight:  gefSa  (68). 
delightful :  gesAllg  (67.  3). 
tdeliver:  ftliesan  (118). 
demon:  dSofol  (48). 
deny:  forwiernan  (118). 
depart:    ftgftn   (141),  fortTfaran 

(VL    107),    gew^ndan    (118), 

gewltan  (L   102),    tOsceacan 

(VL  lOT). 
departure :  for9f5r  (61.  5). 
deposit:    fil^gean    (116,    note), 

is^ttan  (118). 
depravity :  unge9wAmes  (61.  6). 
deprive:  benAman  (118). 
descend:  ftstigaii  (I.  102). 
desert:  eamung  (61.  3). 
design:  diht  (47). 
designate:  gecy^an  (118). 
desire,  ntbst.:  wlUa  (68). 
desire,    vb. :     gewilnian    (118), 

gteraan  (118),   willan   (181), 

wUotan(118). 
desolate:  forniman  (IV.  106). 
despair:  ormodnes  (61.  5). 
desperation:  ormodnes  (61.  5). 
despise :  receleasian  (118). 
despoil:  bereafian  (118). 
destitute:    dSlleas   (68),   unnyt 

(57). 
destitute  one  :  'w»dla  (53). 
destroy:  ageotan  (II.  103),  for- 

dilgian   (118),    fordon    (142), 

toslitan  (I.  102). 
device:  searu  (49). 
devil:  deofol  (43),  scucca  (53). 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


45 


devise:  findan  (III.  104),  iSf^ncean 

(114). 
devoid:      daelleas     (58),    unnyt 

(57). 
die:  forS'geleoran  (113). 
(in)  different  ways :  mislice. 
difficult:  unie)5'e  (59). 
difficult  to  number:    earfosafrime 

(59). 
(with)  difficulty :  unead'e. 
diffident:  forwandiende  (61). 
dignity:   ar  (51.  &),  weorffmynt 

(43),  weorlJscipe  (44.  1). 
(worldly)     dignity  :     woruldge- 

ffyngff  (51.  6). 
dike,  subst.:  die  (43). 
dike,  vb. :  dician  (118). 
dilate:  brsedan  (113). 
din:  gebrec  (47). 
dining-room :  bar  (43). 
direct,  adj. :  riht  (58). 
direct,    vb.:    ad'^tiiian    (115.    a), 

getfcecean      (114),     gewlssian 

(118),  Igeran  (113). 
direction:  hses  (51.  6). 
(in  every)  direction :  gehu. 
disciple:  gingra  (53). 
discipline:  IJeodscipe  (44.  1). 
discover:  geaxian  (118), gesweot- 

olian  (118). 
disease:  adl  (51.  6),  untrymnes 

(51.5). 
disengage:  gegemetgian  (118). 
dismay :  geiJrean  (113). 
disorder:  uiistilnes  (51.  5). 
dispense:  dselan  (113). 
disperse:  todselan  (113). 
display :  aetievran  (113),  gecylJaii 

(113). 
displease:  mislician  (118). 
dispute:  geflit  (47). 
dissipate:  ageotan  (IL  103). 
(from  [to]  a)  distance :  feorr. 
distant:  feorr  (67). 


distinguish:  geweoriaPian  (118). 
distress:  gewinn  (47). 
distribute:  d^lan  (113). 
ditch:  dician  (118). 
divest:     ongierwan     (113),    un- 

scrydan  (113). 
divide:  asyndrian  (118),  gedael- 

an   (113),   todaelan   (113),   to- 

sceadaa  (R.  110),  totwaeman 

(113). 
divine:  godcund  (58). 
divinity:  godcundnes  (51.  6). 
do:  awyrcean  (114),  don  (140), 

gedon     (140),    laestan     (113), 

wyrcean  (114). 
doleful:  sarlic  (57). 
dolphin:  m^reswin  (47). 
dominion:  geweald  (47). 
(have)  dominion:  ricsian  (118). 
(have)  dominion  over:   gewield- 

an  (113). 
(previously)  done  :  sergedon  (62). 
tdoom:  deman  (113). 
doubt:  tweonian  (118). 
down:  adun(e). 
dowry  :  morgengiefu  (51.  a). 
draw:  ateon  (II.  103). 
draw  nigh  :  genealsecan  (113). 
dreadful:  ^geslic  (57). 
drink,  subst.:  dr^nc  (43). 
drink,  vb. :  drincan  (III.  104). 
(give  to)  drink:  sc^ncan  (113). 
drive  away:    aiiersian  (118),  to- 

drsefan  (113). 
dry  land:  drygnes  (51.  6). 
dryness:  drygnes  (51.  5). 
dust:  dust  (47),  lam  (43). 
dwell:  eardian  (118),  gewuuian 

(118),  wunian  (118). 
dwellers    on    earth:     eorl^waran 

(53). 
dwelling:  wTc  (47),  wunung  (61. 

3). 
dye:  t^lg  (43). 


46 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


each  (one):    Sic  (68),  gehwilc 

(58). 
earth:  eorffe  (68.  I), 
(dwellers  on)  earth:  eortfwaran 

(58). 
earthly:  eorOriic  (67). 
earthwork:  eortfweall  (48). 
easily:  Saffe  (77). 
(sea  on  the)  east:   SastoS  (48; 

51.  ft). 
East  Angles  (East  Anglia):  East- 

tngle  (44.  4). 
Easter:  Kastron  (58). 
eat:  etan  (V.  106). 
edifice:  lern  (47). 
educated :  gelfired  (88). 
effect,  Bubst. :  gemet  (47). 
effect,  r6. ;  gefr^nnnan  (115). 
effort:  geswinc  (47). 
(work  with)  effort :  •wlncan  (III. 

104). 
Egyptians:  Kgypta  (54). 
eight:  eahU  (78). 
elephant:  elp  (48). 
else:  ^Ues  (71). 
embellishment:  gl^ng  (51.  6). 
embrace:  yinbclyppan  (118). 
emperor:  casere  (44.  1). 
empty:  idel  (57.  3),  ftintlg  (57. 

3). 
enclose:  becl^san  (113). 
encounter:  lindan  (III.  104),  ge- 

metan  (113). 
end,  suhst. :  ^nde  (44).  ge^ndung 

(61.  3),  gemiere  (48). 
(come  to  an)  end  :  ge^ndian  (118). 
end,  vh. :  ^ndian  (118),  ge^ndian 

(118).  gefyllan  (113). 
endow    with    life  :     gellfTsestan 

(113).  _ 
endure:  arsefnian  (118),  ffollan 

(118). 


enemy :  fSond  (46.  3),  gewlima 
(58). 

energy:  weorc  (47). 

English,  subst  :  ^iigle  (44.  4). 

English,  atO-:  ^nglisc  (67). 

engross:  bisgtan  (118). 

(cause)  enjoyment:  lystan  (118). 

enormous:  ormfite  (69). 

enrich:  gegddlan  (118). 

enter:  ingfin  (141),  Ingangan  (R. 
110). 

entertain:  underfdn  (U.  110). 

entirely :  tOTurh  ealle. 

entreat:  hftlslan  (118). 

entreaty:  bSn  (61.  6). 

envelop:  ymbs^llan  (114). 

envious :  sBfestf  ull  (146),  sBfetClg 
(146). 

(be)  envious  at :  afestlan  (118). 

envoy :  ftrendwreca  (58). 

envy:  seresttan  (118). 

equal:  gelica  (68). 

equinox:  emnlht  (68). 

escape,  subst.:  hwl  (47). 

escape,  vb.:  setberstan  (III.  104), 
beswlclan  (118). 

esublish:  gestatTellan  (118). 

(freehold)  esute:  bOcland  (47). 

t eternal :  8ce  (59). 

even :  furffum. 

(not)  even :  oft. 

evening :  Sfen  (47.  7).      [(61.  3). 

evening  twilight:    wfenglomung 

ever:  wfre. 

(for)  ever  and  ever:  ft  a  a,  in 
^rortild  worulde. 

t everlasting:  ece  (69). 

(in)  every  direction :  geha. 

(gems  of)  every  kind:  gimcynn 
(47). 

every  (one) :  Sghwfi  (88),  «eg- 
hwllc  (68),  wlc  (58),  anra 
gehwilc  (58),  eall  (58),  ge- 
hwilc (58). 


EKGLISH-OLD  ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


47 


everything:  seghwset  (88). 

evil,  subst.:  yfel  (47). 

evil,  adj.:   manful!  (58.  2),  yfel 

(67). 
evil,  adv. :  yfele. 
evince:  gecytfun  (113). 
exalted:  weorfflic  (57). 
example:  bysen  (51.  b). 
exceedingly:  swilJlice,  iS'earle. 
except:  butan,  nefne. 
exercise:  weorc  (47). 
exhale:  ntablawan  (R.  109). 
exhibit:   forS'teon  (II.  103),  ge- 

cyiafan  (113). 
expand:  braedan  (113). 
expect:  wenan  (113). 
expectation:  wen  (51.  6). 
expedition:  fierd  (51.  b). 
expel:  adrifan  (1. 102),  aflieman 

(113). 
experience:  15'olian  (118). 
expose:  gesweotolian  (118). 
expound:  ger^ccean  (114). 
extensive:  widgill  (58.  2). 
extent:  widgilnes  (51.  5). 
externally:  ntau.  [(51.6). 

extraction:  byrd  (51.  5),  gebyrd 
eye:  cage  (53.  2). 

F. 

face:  andvi^lita (53) ,  bradnes  (51. 

5). 
(in)  fact :  mid  daede. 
fade:  blgecan  (113). 
fail:    ateorian    (118),   geswican 

(I.  102). 
fair:  beorht  (58),  fseger  (57.  3), 

gesyndig  (57.  3). 
faith:  geleafa  (53). 
fall:  afeallan  (R.  109),  ahreosan 

(II.  103),  beouman   (IV.  105), 

feallan  (R.  109),  gefeallan  (R. 

109),  hreosan  (II.  103). 


fall  away  :  tohreosan  (II.  103). 
fall  upon:    onhreosan  (II.  103), 

standan  (VI.  107). 
fame:  tir  (43). 
famine:  hunger  (43.  4.  a), 
far,  adj.:  feorr  (58). 
far,  adv. :  feorr. 
farmer:  ierafling  (43). 
father:  faeder  (43.  8). 
fatigue:  sw^nean  (113). 
fatiguing:  gewinnfullic  (57). 
favoring:  gesyndig  (57.  3). 
fear:  adraedan  (R.  110),  ondrsed- 

an  (R.  110). 
feast:  beorscipe  (44.  1),  gebeor- 

scipe  (44.  1). 
feed:     fedan    (113),    gertordian 

(118). 
fell :  fiellan  (113). 
fellow:  gefera  (53). 
fellowship:  geferrasden  (51.  5). 
female  sex:  wifhad  (43). 
ferry  :  gef^rian  (116). 
fervent:  hat  (58). 
fervently :  inweardlice. 
fetch:  f^ccean  (120). 
few ^  plur. :  feawe  (58). 
field:  aecer  (43). 
field  of  corn:  ierSr  (51.  &). 
fierce:  angrisllc  (58),  reffe  (59), 

waelgrim  (57). 
fifth:  fifta  (78). 
fight:    campian    (118),    feohtan 

(III.     104),     gefeohtan     (III. 

104). 
fill:  gefyllan  (113). 
finally :  get  niehstan. 
find:  aredian  (118),  findan  (III. 

104),  gemetan  (113). 
find  out:  gevvitan  (126). 
finish  :  fullfr^mman  (115.  a),  ge- 
fyllan (113). 
fire:  fyr  (47). 
fire  from  heaven  :  heofonfyr  (47). 


48 


ENGLISH-OLD   EXGLISH   VOCABULAKY. 


firmament:   testuen  <,61.  o),  fir- 

mamentum  (see  p.  101,  1.  7), 

rodor  (48). 
firstf  suhst,:  fruma  (68). 
first,  a^.:  forma   (00),   fiir9ra 

(W). 
first,  adv, :  Arett,  fyrmest. 
(at)  first:  Arest. 
first  course :  9Snuns  (61.  3). 
(in  th^)  first  place :  Arett. 
fish:  flse  (48). 
(sort  of )  fish:  fisccynn  (47). 
fisher  (man):  flscere  (44.  1). 
fishing:  fiscnoff  (48). 
fitting:  sedafenllc  (67). 
fixed:  fMt  (68). 
flee:  flCon  (11.  108). 
fleet,  tubsL :  tclpta^re  (44.  2). 
fleet,  atl). :  swift  (68). 
flesh:  flAso  (47). 
flight:  flyht  (48). 
(put  to)  flight:  ftflieman  (118). 
flood:  Add  (48),  y«r  (61.6). 
flow:  fl9wan  (R.  109). 
fly:  flSogan  (II.  108). 
foam:  weallan  (R.  109). 
fodder:  f5dor  (47). 
foe:  fSond  (46.3). 
folk:  folc  (47). 
follow:  fylgan  (118). 
food:     At    (47),    bigleofa    (68), 

f5da    (68),    hl&f    (43),    m^te 

(44),  wist  (61.  6). 
foot:  f5t  (46). 
(tread  under)  foot :  fortredan  (V. 

106). 
for, pre/).:  for  (166),  to  (166). 
for,  CO /y..*  for-ffon(-ffe). 
(naval)  force:  solph^re  (44.  2). 
foreign ;  ^DBTeodlg  (67. 3),  fk^mde 

(69). 
forest:    holt   (47),   wudu    (46), 

Tirudubearu  (48.  7). 
forestall : Worecuman  {IV.  106). 


for  ever  and   ever:    S   ft   I,   In 

woruld  worulde. 
forfeit:  forwyrcean  (114). 
forget:  forgletao  (V.  106). 
former :     Argeddn    (6S),    Arra 

(60). 
formerly :  Ar,  gSara,  iu. 
forsake:  forlAtao  (R.  110). 
forth:  for9. 

for  thisTeason :  for-9ftm. 
forthwith:  ftrodllce,  unftswund- 

enlice. 
fortification:  taf  ten  (47.  7). 
fortify :  getrymman  (116.  a), 
forwardly :  unforwandlendllce. 
foul:  fBl  (68). 
four:  IQower  (78). 
four-footed :  fltTerf^te  (69). 
fourth:  fiorVa  (60). 
fourteen :  fCowertlene  (79). 
free:   frio   (68,    but   nom.  plur, 

frlgu). 
freehold  esUte:  bOcland  (47). 
frequently :  gelOmllce,  geneahhe, 

oft 
friend:  fr«ond  (46.  3). 
frighten:  ftfAran  (118). 
from:   8Bt  (166),  of  (166).  frHm 

(1«). 
from  (to)  a  distance :  feorr. 
from  all  sides:  Aghwanan  (76). 
from  among:  fram  (166). 
from  heaven :  heofonllce. 
from  the  north :  norffaa. 
from  there :  9anan. 
from  the  west :  i¥estan. 
from  which :  9anan. 
fruit:  ofct  (47).  wSestm  (48). 
fruit-bearing:  seppelbaere  (69). 
(be)  fruitful:  weaxan  (R.  109). 
full,  adj.:  full  (68). 
full,  adv. :  fuU. 
furnish  :  getimbran  (116.  6). 
further:  ma. 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


49 


G. 

gain,  subst. :  gestreon  (47). 
gain,  vb. :  gesecean  (114),  tilian 

(118). 
game:  plega  (53). 
garden  :  ortgeard  (43) . 
garment:    gegierela   (53),   -weed 

(51.  6). 
(purple)  garment : .  paell  (43),  pur- 

pre  (53.  1). 
gate:  geat  (47). 
gather:  gegaderian  (118). 
gathering  together:    gegaderung 

(51.  3). 
gem:  gimm  (43). 
gems  of  every  kind :  gimcynn  (47). 
generation:  cynren  (47). 
generosity :    welwillendnes    (51. 

5). 
generous:  welwillende  (61). 
gentle:  seiafele  (59). 
ghost:  gast  (43). 
gift:  giefu    (51.  a),  lac  (47). 
girl:  mgeden  (47). 
give:  forgiefaii  (V.  106), geinnian 

(118),  ges^llan    (114),   giefan 

(V.  106),  s^llan  (114). 
give  light  to:  allehtan  (113). 
give  out:  ateorian  (118). 
give  over:  "befaestan  (113). 
give    (i.e.    thanks) :      ges^cgean 

(123). 
give  to  be :  s^Uan  (114). 
give  to  drink:  sc^ncan  (113). 
give  up:  alsetan  (K.  110). 
gladness:  gefea  (53). 
(song   of)    gladness :    blissesang 

(43). 
gladsome  :  bliiafe  (59) . 
glass:  glees  (47). 
glide  away:  toglidan  (L  102). 
glorify :  geh^rian  (116),  wuldrian 

(118). 


glorious :  beorht  (58) . 

glory:  maegenlS'rymm  (43),  mae- 

genSTrymnes   (51.   5),   (Jryinin 

(43),  wuldor  (47). 
go  :  faran  (VL  107),  feran  (113), 

gan  (141),   gangan    (E.   109), 

gew^ndan  (113),  gewitan  (I. 

102). 
(let)  go:  forlsetan  (R.  110). 
go  aboard:  astigan  (I.  102). 
goad:  gad  (51.  b). 
goat:  gat  (52). 
God:  God  (43). 
goddess:  gyden  (51.  5). 
godhead:  godcundnes  (51.  5). 
gold:  gold  (47). 
golden:  gylden  (57). 
golden  ornaments:    goldfraetwa 

(51.  a). 
gold-leaf:  goldleaf  (47). 
good:  god  (58). 
goodness:  sTvetnes  (51.  6). 
goods:  sehta  (51.  l)fplur.  of  god 

(47). 
good  things  :  god  (47). 
go  out:    ntgan  (141),  utgangan 

(R.  109). 
go    to    pieces :     toberstan    (III. 

104). 
go  up:  upgan  (141). 
gospel:  godspell  (47). 
gracious:  arfaest  (58). 
gradually:  stycceingelum  (72). 
grant :  forgiefan  (V.  106),  til^ian 

(118). 
grass:  gaers  (47). 
great:    heah    (58),    mgere    (59), 

micel  (57.  3). 
greatly :  swiSfe,  swiijlice,  fSearle. 
green:  grene  (59). 
greet:  gretan  (113). 
grief:  sarnes  (51.  b). 
grieve:  ofS'yncean  (114). 
grieve  for:  besorgian  (118). 


so 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABITLABY. 


grievous:  biter  (67.3),  htflff  (57. 

8),  sflr  (68). 
groomsman :  tficenbora  (68). 
ground:  eor9e  (68.  1). 
grove :  holt  (47),  wudubearu  (48. 

7). 
grow:  KfSwan  (R.  109),  weaxan 

(R.  109). 
grow  bright:  geblerhtan  (118). 
grow  over:  figrOwan  (R.  109). 
growth:  wfistm  (48). 
grow  up:  ftgrdwan  (R.  109). 
guest:  cuma  (68). 
guidance :  lAr  (61.  b),  lAttSowdSm 

(48). 
guide :  gewlsslan  (118). 
gymnasium :  bceVst^e  (44). 

H. 

hale:  hfil  (68). 

lialf:  healf  (68). 

hall:  heall  (61.6). 

hallow:  f^h&lglHii  (118). 

hammer:  sl^g  (61.  6). 

hand,  suhst.:  hand  (61.  1,  3). 

hand,  i>.  side:  healf  (61.  b). 

(nigh  at)  hand :  nSah. 

happen  :  gellmpan  (IIL  104). 

happy  :  eadig  (67.  3). 

hard :  Strang  (68). 

harden :  ahiordan  (118). 

hartlly :  iineaVe. 

hardship:  earfoffnes  (61.  5),  ge- 

wlnn  (47). 
harm,  snbst. :  hieii9  (61.  6). 
harm,  vb. :  dorian  (116). 
harp,  subst.:  hearpe  (68.  1). 
(play  the)  harp:  hearpian  (118). 
harp,  vb.:  hearpian  (118). 
harp-string:  hearpestr^ng  (48). 
harry:  h^rgian  (118). 
harvest:  haerfest  (48). 
hatchet:  adesa  (68). 


I  have:  habban  (181). 
have     compassion :      gemiltsian 

(118). 
have  dominion :  ricsian  (118). 
have  dominion  over:   gewieldan 

(118). 
have  not:  nabban  (181). 
liead:  ealdoriiianu  (48),  hSafod 

(47.  1). 
headlong:  drCorig  (67.  3). 
headstrong:  dyrttig  (67.  3). 
(make)  headway :  f ramgfin  (141). 
hear:  gehleran  (118). 
heart:  heorte  (68.  1),  mSd  (48). 
heat:  hStu  (61.  a). 
heathen :  hA9en  (67.  3). 
heaven:  heofon  (48.  4.  d),  heof- 

ooe  (68.  3),  rodor  (48). 
(fire    from)   heaven :    heofonfTr 

(47). 
(from)  heaven :  heofon  lice, 
(of)  heaven:  beofonllc  (67). 
heavenly:  heofonlic  (67). 
heavenly  body :  tungol  (47.  6). 
height:  hSaoea  (61.6). 
hell:  h^ll  (61.6). 
hell-torment:  cwicsQsl  (47). 
help,  subst.:  fultum  (48). 
help,  vb.:  gefultuinian  (118). 
hence:  heonan. 
herb :  wyrt  (61.  6). 
here:  her. 

hereafter:  beraefter. 
high:  heah  (58.  1). 
high-bom:  »9elboren  (63). 
high-deer:  headeor  (47). 
highest  point:  heanes  (51.  5). 
hiU:  dan  (51.  b). 
hither:  hider. 
hitherto:  giet. 
hold:  fsestnung  (51.  3). 
hold:  healdan  (R.  109). 
hole:  ffyrel  (47.6). 
holy :  haUg  (67.  3). 


EKGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


51 


home:  eSfel  (43.  4.  a),  ham  (74). 
honor,  subst. :   lof  (43),  weor3'- 

scipe  (44.  1). 
(worldly)  honor:  woruldgei&'yng3' 

(51.  b). 
honor,  vb. :  weorS'ian  (118). 
honorable:  weoi-aflic  (57),weor(5'- 

fuU  (58.  2). 
honorably:  weor3'lice. 
hook:  angel  (43.  4.  a),  hoc  (43). 
hope,  subst. :  hyht  (51.  6),  tohopa 

(53). 
hope,  vb. :  gehyhtan  (113). 
horse:  hors  (47). 
host:  h^re  (44.  2),  weorod  (47). 
hot:  hat  (58). 
hour:  tid  (51.  1). 
house:  has  (47). 
how:  hu. 

(know)  how:  eunnan  (130). 
hued:  gebleod  (58). 
human:  in^nnisc  (57). 
humble:    eaififniod  (58),  earmlic 

(67). 
humility:  eaiJinodnes  (51.  6). 
hundred:  hund  (78). 
(a)  hundred  (fold) :  hundteontig 

(78). 
hunger:  hyngran  (115.  b). 
(an)  hungered:  hungrig  (57). 
hungry:  hungrig  (57). 
hurl:  s^ndan  (113). 
husband:  wer  (43). 
husbandman  :  ierijling  (43) . 


I. 

I:  ic  (81). 

idleness:  idelnes  (51.  5). 
if:  gif  (196.  d). 
ill-luck:  ungellmp  (47). 
illness:  untrymnes  (51.  5). 
illuminate:    aliehtan   (113),   on- 
liehtan  (113). 


illumination:  liehting  (51.  3). 
illustration:  bysen  (51.  b). 
illustrious:  seS'ele  (59). 
image:  an(d)licnes  (51.  5). 
imagine:  wenan  (113). 
immediately :  arodlice,  hraedlice, 

sona. 
implement:  faet  (47.  4). 
implore :  biddan  (V.  106),  halsian 

(118). 
in,  adv. :  in. 
in,  prep. :  for  (166),  in  (166,  172), 

ofer  (166,  172),  on  (166,  172), 

la^urh  (172). 
(know)    in    advance  :     forwitan 

(126). 
in  all:  ealles  (71). 
in  any  way :  senige  la^inga. 
inasmuch  (as) :  swa  .  .  .  swa. 
incense:  abelgan  (III.  104). 
in  common:  gein^nelice. 
incorporeal:  lichamleas  (58). 
increase :  geeacnian  (118),  weax- 

an  (R.  109). 
indeed:   la,  mid  dsede,  soiSFIice, 

witodlice. 
indicate:  taenian  (118). 
in  different  ways :  mislice. 
individual:  synderlic  (57). 
indolence:  idelnes  (51). 
ineffable:  unas^cgende  (61). 
in  every  direction :  gehii. 
in  fact :  mid  dsede. 
infirmity:  untrymnes  (51.  5). 
inflame:  onselan  (113). 
inhabit:  onwunian  (118). 
inhale:  ateon  (IL  103). 
inherit:  geagnian  (118),  gesittan 

(V.  106). 
injure:    dorian   (116),   wierdan 

(113). 
injury:  hienS"  (51.  6). 
inn:  giesthns  (47). 
innocent:  unsc^lJlJig  (57). 


52 


EyGLT8H-OLD   ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


inquire  into:  sniean  (118). 
in  return  for:  wiff  (166). 
inside:  Inne. 

institute :  gesetennes  (61.  5). 
instruction:  Ifir  (61.  6). 
insult:  hienan  (118). 
intact:  gehfil  (68). 
intelligibly :  andgletf iilllc«. 
inter:  bebyrgan  (118). 
interpret:  g«rt<^cean  (114). 
interpreter:  wealb8t5<l  (48). 
interrupt:  tOtwAman  (118). 
interval:  fate  (47),  flerat  (48). 
in  the  first  place :  Areat. 
in  the  midst  of:  tOmlddes  (166). 
in  this  land :  bSr  on  lande. 
into  I    In   (178),   IntS  (166),  on 

(172). 
in  vain :  bSlunga. 
investigation:  smSaung  (61.  3). 
invigorate:  gerStan  (118). 
invigoration :  ttrangung  (61.  3). 
invisible:  irhgesewenlir  (67). 
invite:  gelaiOrian  (118). 
irksome:  hfflg  (67). 
iron,  subsi, :  isern  (47). 
iron,  adj. :  Isem  (67). 
is  called :  bfttte. 
island:  f gland  (47). 
ivory :  elpes  bftn  (47). 

J. 

Jesus:  Hwlend  (43.  6). 

jet:  gagates. 

journey:  feran  (118). 

jovial :  bli9e  (69). 

joy,  subst. :  bliss  (61.  6),  dream 

(48),  gefea  (63). 
joy,  vb, :  geblissod  wesan. 
(make)  joyful:  geblissian  (118). 
joyous:  bliffe  (69). 
joyously:  bliVe. 
Ijudge:  deman  (113). 


judgment:  dSm  (48). 
jurisdiction :  an  weald  (48). 
just:  efne. 

just  as:  eall  swft,  eaUwft,  twA- 
•wft. 

K. 

keep:  gebealdan  (R.  109),  habb- 

an  (ISl),  healdan  (H.  109). 
keep  secret:  fonwiglan  (118). 
keep  silence:  swlglan  (118). 
kill:  cwtUan(114),of8iean(VL 

107). 
kind:  cynn  (47),  hiw  (47). 
(gems  of  every)  kind:   gimcynn 

(47). 
(this)  kind:  9ylllc  (67). 
kind-hearted:  wellwlllende  (61). 
kindness;  ArfaMtnea  (61.  5). 
kind  of  animals:  d^orcynn  (47). 
kind  of  birds:  fiigolcynn  (47). 
kind  of  cattle :  niet4>nrynn  (47). 
kind  of  worms:  wyrmoynn  (47). 
(various)  kinds  of:  mlssenllc  (67). 
king:  cynlng(48).ealdor(48.4). 
kingdom:  cynerice  (48.  1),  rice 

(48.1). 
kiss:  cyssan  (118). 
knee:  cn6o  (47.  3). 
know:  cunnan  (180),oncnSwan 

(R.  109),  witan  (186). 
know  how:  cunnan  (180).  « 

know  in  advance :  forwitan  (186). 
(make)  known:  c^9an  (118). 
know  not:  nytan  (186). 


labor:  gedeorf  (47),gewlDn  (47). 
laborious:  gewinnfuUlc  (67). 
lacking:  wana  (168). 
lad:  cnapa  (63). 
lady:  bliefdi^e  (63.  1). 
lamentably:  sariice. 


ENGLISH-OLD  ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


53 


lamentation:  murcnung  (51.  h). 
land:  eoraPe  (53.  1),  land  (47). 
(in  this)  land :  her  on  lande. 
(native)  land:  etSel  (43.  4.  a), 
language:  spraec  (51.  b). 
large:  micel  (57.  3). 
Lastingham :  Laestinga  ea. 
Latin:    Boclseden    (57),    Laeden 

(57). 
law:  gemet  (47). 
lay  down:  forlsetan  (R.  110). 
layman:  ceorl  (43). 
lay  waste:  h^rgian  (118). 
lead,  subsL:  lead  (47). 
lead,  vb.:  leedan  (113).     - 
leader:  ealdorinann  (46). 
(without  a)  leader:   hlafordleas 

(58). 
learn  :  geaxian  (118),  geleornian 

(118),  gewitan  (126),  leoruian 

(118),ongietan  (V.  106). 
learned  man:  lareow  (43). 
least:  Isesta  (53). 
leave,  subst. :  leaf  (51.  b). 
(take)  leave  of:  gretan  (113). 
leave,  vb.  :  forlsetan  (R.  110). 
leave  off:  forlsetan  (R.  110). 
left:  to  lafe,  winstre  (59). 
leisure:  semetta  (53). 
(at)  length  :  set  niehstan. 
less(er):  l^ssa  (53). 
lest:  ffy-l^es-iSe. 
let :  forlsetan  (R.  110),  Isetan  (R. 

110). 
let  go:  forlgetan  (R.  110). 
letter :  gewrit  (47) . 
let  us :  uton. 
levin:  lieg  (43). 
lewdness:  galnes  (51.  5). 
liberality :     welwillendnes    (51. 

5). 
library:  bibliotheca. 
lie:  licgan  (V.  106). 
life:  lif  (47),  saw(o)l  (51.  4). 


(endow  with)   life  :    geliffsestan 

(113). 
(of)  life:  liflic  (57). 
(worldly)  life:  woruldlif  (47). 
lift:  arseran  (113). 
lift  up:  Opah^bban  (VI.  107). 
light,  subst.:   leoht  (47),  leoma 

(53). 
(give)  light  to:  aliehtan  (113). 
light,  vb. :  onliehtan  (113). 
lighting:  liehting  (51.  3). 
lightning:  lieget  (47.  7). 
like,  subst.:  gelica  (53). 
like,  adj.:  gelic  (58,  165). 
(such)  like:  ijyllic  (57). 
like,  vb.:  lystan  (113). 
like,  conj. :  swa-swa. 
likeness:  gelicnes  (51.  6). 
likewise :     eac,    gelice,    swilce, 

swilee  eac. 
line:  stig  (51.  b). 
lineage:  gebyrd  (51.  6). 
linen  cloth:  sciete  (53.  1).  ^ 
lion:  leo. 
list:  lystan  (113). 
literature:  boccraeft  (43). 
little:  lytel  (57.  3). 
(a)  little:  hwon. 
(but)  little,  adv. :  lyt. 
little    by    little  :     stycceingelum 

(72). 
live,  adj. :  cucu  (irreg.) . 
live,  vb.:  libban  (122),  wunian 

(118).  [libbende]. 

living:    cucu    (irreg'.),  cwic  (57), 
lock:  loc  (47). 
lodge:  wician  (118). 
lofty:  healic  (57),  steap  (58). 
lofty  cliff:  heaclif  (47). 
long:  lang  (68),  micel  (57.  3). 
(so)  long  as :  fSsi-hwile-'Se. 
long-necked:  langsweored  (57). 
long  (time):  lange. 
(a)  long  time  ago :  gefyrn. 


54 


EKGUSH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


look:    besSon   (V.    106),   lOclan 

(118). 
look  for:  nSostan  (118),  winan 

(118). 
lonl:  drybten  (43.  4.  r),  weald- 

end  (43.  0). 
(of  the)  lord:  dr>*htenlic  (57). 
lordly:    dryhtenllc  (67),  wlaDC  | 

(58). 
lordsliip:  hlftfordsclpe  (44.  1). 
lose:     forlwtaii    (R.    110),    for- 

l«OMin  (11.  103). 
loss:  lyre  (44). 
loud:  mlcel  (67.  3). 
love,  ntbst. :    lufe  (68.   I),  lufu 

(61.  a),  sibb  (61.  h). 
love,  vb.:  luflan  (118),  geluflao 

(118). 
lovely:  ft»g©r(67.  3). 
lover:  liiflend  (43.6). 
loving:    ftrf»st   (68),   luflendllc 

(87). 
loving-kindness :      mlldheortiies 

(61.  6). 
lovingly:  ivelwillendlice. 
lowly:    earinllc    (67),    SaVmdil 

(68). 
low-lying:  nltlTerllc  (67). 
lust:  gfilnes  (61.  o). 
lyre:  hearpe  (63.  1). 

M. 

maiden:  fSmne  (63.  1),  mfiden 

(47.  6). 
maintain:    gehealdan   (R.   109), 

healdan  (U.  109). 
majesty :     niaegenffiymm    (43), 

iii8egen9ry nines  (61.  5). 
make:   don  (140),  gedon  (140), 

geweorffan     (III.     104),     ge- 

wyrcean  (114),  wyrcean  (114). 
make  alive:  gelifTsBstan  (113). 
make  headway :  f  ramgfin  (141). 


make  joyful:  gebllsslan  (118). 

make  known:  rj'tfan  (113). 

maker:  wj-rhta  (63). 

male  sex:  werhftd  (43). 

man:   mann  (46),  manna  (63), 

wer  (43). 
(leanied)  man:  IftrSow  (43). 
(young)  man:  cnlht  (43). 
manifest:  gesweotollan  (118). 
manifold:  manlgfeald  (68). 
mantle:    sclcoeU    (43),    wAfeU 

(43). 
many:  fela  (164.  n),  mantg  (67). 
mar:  wierdan  (113). 
marble:  marmnnKtAn  (43). 
marine:  tAlIc  (67). 
manias  portion:    morgenglefu 

(61.  a). 
master:  lAriow  (43),  l«of  (43). 
male:   gemara  (63),  gemseccMi 

(83). 
material :  an  timber  (47). 
may:  mStan  (137). 
mean:  ntmnan  (116.  b), 
meaning:  aodgiet  (47). 
(by  any)  means :  Anige  9lnga. 
(by)  means  of:  9iirh  (172). 
(by  no)  means :  nft. 
meditation :  smSaung  (61.  3). 
meed:  mSd  (61.  />). 
(to)  meet:  tdgSanes  (166). 
melancholy:  drSorig  (67). 
merchandise:  hlsest  (47). 
merchant:  mangere  (44.  1). 
mercy :  mlldheortnes  (61.  5). 
merit,  subst. .  earnung  (61.  3). 
merit,  vb.:  geearnian  (118). 
merry:  bliffe  (59). 
metal:  w^g  (43). 
middle:  mid  (57). 
(in  the)  midst  of :  tontlddes  (166). 
might:  mlht  (61.  6). 
mighty:  mihtig  (57). 
mind:  geVanc  (47),  mod  (43). 


ENGLISH-OLD  ENGLISH  VOCABITLAllY. 


55 


(be)  mindful:  gemunan  (134). 
mingle:  gem^ngan  (113). 
minister  to:  ffen'mn  (118). 
ministration:  (5'enung  (51.  3). 
miserably :  earinlice. 
misfortune:  gelimp  (47). 
mishap:  ungelimp  (47;. 
misjudge:  misS'yiiceaii  (114). 
modest:  sceaiiifaest  (58). 
molest:  gewaegan  (113). 
monastery:  inynster  (47). 
monk:  munuc  (43). 
moon :  inona  (53). 
more,  adj.:  inara  (53). 
more,  adv. :  ma,  swiljor. 
(once)  more  :  ^f  t. 
moreover :  swilce  eac. 
morning:   m^rgen  (43),  morgen 

(43). 
mother:  inodor  (52.  2). 
mountain  :  dun  (51.  6),  inunt  (43). 
mournfully :  sarlice. 
mourning:  heof  (43). 
move:  styrian  (118). 
(that)  moves:  styriendlic  (57). 
moving:  styriendlic  (57). 
much,  adj.:  fela  (154.  a),  micel 

(57.  3). 
much,  adv. :  swiSfe. 
(very)  much  :  9'earle. 
multiply:  gemanigfieldan  (113). 
multitude:  unrim  (47). 
music  :    sweg   (43),   swegcraeft 

(43). 
mussel:  mnscule. 
must:  sculan  (133). 
my:  min  (58). 

N. 

naked:  nacod  (57). 
name,  subst. :  nama  (53). 
name,  vb. :  gen^mnan  (115.  b). 
narrate:  ar^ccean  (114). 


narrative:  ges^tnes  (51.  5). 
nation  :     cynn    (47),    folc    (47), 

ma^gff  (51.  6),  ffeod  (51.  b). 
native  land:  etfel  (43.  4.  a). 
naught:  naht  (89.  b). 
naval  force  :  sciph^re  (44.  2). 
near,  adj.:  neah  (58). 
near,  adv. :  neah. 
near,  prep. :  be  (166). 
nearly:  niehst  (c/.  p.  139,  1.  10). 
necessary:  niedlfirearflic  (57). 
necessity:  nied  (51.  6). 
neck:  sweora  (53). 
need:  nied  (51.  5),  ffesLvf  (51.  5). 
needful:  niedijearflic  (57). 
needle:  nsedl  (51.  b). 
needy  (one):  iJearfa  (53). 
neither  .  .  .  nor :  ne  .  .  .  ne. 
never :  gefre  ne,  nsefre. 
never-ceasing:  singal  (58). 
nevertheless:  hw8e(5're,swa-9'eah, 

Ueah-hwaeQ're. 
nigh:  neah  (58). 
nigh  at  hand :  neah. 
night,  subst.:  niht  (52). 
night,  adj.:  nihtlic  (57). 
(by)  night:  nihtes  (74). 
no :  na.     See  also  no  (one), 
noble,  subst.:  ealdormann  (46). 
noble,  adj. :  aelfifele  (59),  rice  (59). 
noble  birth:    seS'elborennes   (51. 

5). 
noise:  sweging  (51.  3). 
no  (one) :   nsenig  (57),  nan  (58). 
nor:  ne. 

north:  noriafdael  (43). 
(from  the)  north :  nord'an. 
northeasterly :  eastnorUerne  (59). 
northern  part :  norlS'dsel  (43). 
northward:  noriaf. 
not:  ne. 

(have)  not:  nabban  (121). 
(know^)  not:  nytan  (126). 
(will)  not:  nellan  (139). 


66 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


not  at  all :  nfi«  nftlces,  nfitesh^rSn. 
not  even :  nft. 
nothing:  nft  hi  (89  b). 
nourish :    fif§<lan    (118),   fidaa 

(118). 
novel:  »eldc09  (68). 
now:  nQ. 

nowhere:  nfthwfir. 
nowhither:  nfthwlder. 
number:   dfil  (48),  ni^nlfl^  (61. 

a), 
(difficult  to)  number :  earfoVrime 

(69). 
numerouB:  feU  (164.  a). 


O:  tali,  1ft. 

loath :  89  (48). 

obedience:  gehiersumoM  (61.  6), 

hiernea  (61.  5). 
obedient:  gehienum  (67). 
obey:  gehiersumlan  (118). 
observe  :    gehealdan    (U.    109), 

healdan  (U.  109). 
obtain:  beg^etan  (V.  106),  tllian 

(118). 
occupation :  craeft  (48). 
(secular)    occupation :     woruld- 

crteft  (48). 
(worldly)   occupation  :    woruld- 

blsgu  (61.  a). 
occupied:  geomAill  (68.  2). 
occupy:  bisg^ian  (118),  geagnlan 

(118),  ges^ttan  (118). 
ocean:  gfinecg  (48). 
of:    for   (166),   tnm   (166),   of 

(166). 
of  CJyrene:  CjTenisc  (67). 
offend:  ofVyncean  (114). 
offer:  beodan  (II.  103). 
of  heaven :  heofonllc  (67). 
of  life:  imic  (67). 
of  old :  iu. 


often:  geneahhe,  oft 

of  the  lord-  dryhtenlic  (67). 

of  the  sea:  swlic  ^67). 

of  which :  9anan. 

of  yore:  gSara. 

of  you :  Cower  (81). 

oU:  ^e(44). 

old:  eald  (68). 

(of)  old :  In. 

on:  be  (166),  for  (166),  on  (166, 

17S). 
on  all  sides:  Agbwanan. 
on  a  sadden :  f  Arlnga,  ungeryd- 

elloe. 
once:  Ane  (79). 
(at)  once :  on  ftn. 
once  more :  ^t. 
one:  ftn  (79),  man  (89.  «),  sum 

(67). 
(towards)  one  another :  betwSon- 

an  lilni. 
oneness:  ftnnes  (61.  6). 
on  the  outside :  Otan. 
on  top  of:  onuppan  (166). 
open,  a({/. ;  open  (67). 
open,  vb.:  geopenlan  (118),  on- 

tynan  (118). 
openly :  gewlsllce. 
opposite,  prep.:  ongSan  (166, 172). 
oppress:  hienan  (118). 
or:  o99e. 

orbit:  ymbhwyrft  (48). 
order,  au^^st.:  hfis  (61.  6). 
order(8):  rSd  (48). 
order,  vb. :  ge^ndebyrdan  (118). 
ordinance :  gesetennes  (61.  6). 
ore:  5ra  (68). 
organs:  organa. 
(golden)  ornaments :  goldfrsetwa 

(61.  a), 
other:  o9er  (67.  3). 
ought:  sculan  (188). 
our:  Ore  (69). 
ours;  ure  (81). 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


57 


out:  nt. 

out  of  •  of  (166). 
out  of  the  way:  seldcuS"  (58). 
outside :  ute. 
(on  the)  outside :  utan. 
outside  of:  butan  (166). 
toven:  ofen  (43), 
over :  ofer  (166, 172),  geond  (172). 
overcome:  oferswiQ'an  (113). 
overthrow   oferwinnan  (III.  104). 
own:    agen  (57.  3),  self  (86;  c/. 
p.  154,  1.  4). 


pacify:  gestillan  (113). 

panther:  pard. 

parch:  forbaernan  (113). 

part:  dsel  (43). 

(northern)  part:  norlS'dgel  (43). 

(southern)  part:  suS'dgel  (43). 

part  asunder:  todselan  (113). 

pass  away:  for9'faran  (VI.  107), 

ford'geleoraii  (113),  tosceacan 

(VI.  107). 
pasture:  Ises  (51.  h ;  irregular). 
patrician:  aeS'elboren  (62). 
tpay  :  agiefan  (V.  106) . 
peace:  slbb  (51.  h). 
pearl:  meregreote  (53). 
penalty:  wite  (48). 
penny:  pining  (43). 
people:  cynn  (47),folc  (47),  9'eod 

(51.6). 
perceive:  oncnawan  (R.  109),  on- 

gietan  (V.  106). 
perchance :  wen  is  9" set. 
perform:  awyrceaii  (114),  forS"- 

teon    (II.   103),    gedon    (140), 

gefr^rainan    (115.   a),   Ifeestan 

(113). 
perhaps :  wen  is  S'aet. 
peril:     frecnes     (51.    6),     pliht 

(43). 


period:  faec  (47),  fierst  (43). 
perish  :     fornumen    beon,    for- 

weor9'an    (III.    104),    to    lore 

weorljan. 

permission  :  leaf  (47). 

permit  :     aliefan    (113),    lief  an 

(113). 
perpetrate:  gefr^mman  (115.  a). 
pertain  :  belimpan  (III.  104). 
petition:  ben  (51.  h). 
Pict:  Piht  (43). 
(break  in)  pieces :  tobreean  (IV. 

105). 
(go  to)   pieces :    toberstan   (III. 

104). 
piety:  geornfulnes  (51.  5). 
pillage:  hlolS'ian  (118). 
pitier:  gemiltsiend  (43.  6). 
pity:  geniiltsian  (118). 
place,  suhst. :    st^de   (44),   stow 

(51.  b). 
(chief)  place:  ealdordom  (43). 
(in  the  first)  place :  seres t. 
(public)  place:  street  (51.  h), 
place,  v6.  .•  as^ttan  (113),  ges^tt- 

an  (113),  gelogian  (118),  l^c- 

gean  (115,  note),  s^ttan  (113). 
plague:  gewsegan  (113). 
plain:  anfeald  (58). 
plainly  :      gewislice,    sw^eotole, 

sweotollice. 
plan:  diht  (47). 
play,  suhst. :  plega  (53) . 
play,  vh. :  geteon  (II.  103),  pleg- 

ian  (118). 
play  the  harp:  hearpian  (118). 
pleasant:  wynsum  (57). 
please:  geeweman  (113),  lieian 

(118). 
pleasing:  gecweme  (59). 
pleasure:  gefea  (53). 
plebeian:  unael5'ele  (59). 
plectrum:  hearpenaegl  (43). 
pledge:  gehatan  (R.  110). 


68 


ENGLISH-OLD  ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


plowman :  lerlOrilng  (43). 
plowshare :  sulhscear  (43) . 
placknp:  nlman  (IV\  106). 
plunder,  subst.:  rSaflftc  (47). 
plunder,  vh. :  hl591an  (118). 
ply:  begftn  (141),  begaogan  (R. 

109). 
poetry:  16o«f  (47). 
(highest)  point:  hSanes  (51.  5). 
point  out:  getScean  (114). 
pomp:  wl^ncii  (61.  a). 
poor,  Bubst.:  OTearfa  (63). 
poor,    a(^..*    hSan    (68),    UTearf- 

endllc  (67). 
poor  man:  wAdIa  (68). 
(marriage)  portion :  niorgenglefu 

(61.  a). 
position :  st^e  (44). 
poasess:  gealttan  (V.  106),  habb- 

an  (ISl). 
possession:  fiht  (61.  1). 
postponement:  ^cung  (61.  3). 
pound:  piind  (47). 
pour   out:    figSotan    (lU.    108), 

so^ncan  (113). 
poverty:  lermVu  (61.  a), 
(reduce  to)  poverty :   forlerman 

(118). 
power :  anweald  (43),  crapft  (48), 

m«gen  (47.  1),  mlht  (61.  6). 
powerful:  rice  (60),  Strang  (68). 
practise:  beglln  (141),  begangan 

(R.  109). 
praise,  subst.:  lof  (48). 
praise,  vb. :  h^rlan  (116). 
pray:  gebtddan  (V.  106). 
prayer:  ben  (61   6),  gebed  (47). 
precious:  deorwier9e  (69),  deor- 

wurHr  (68). 
precious  stones :  gimtn  (43). 
preferable:  leofra  (60). 
prepare:    gegearclan    (118),   ge- 

gearwian  (118). 
present,  subst.:  lae  (47). 


present,   adj. :    andweard    (68), 

geandweard  (68). 
presumption:  dyrstlgnes  (61.  6). 
prevent:  forecutnan  (IV.  106). 
previously  done :  ftrg«dOn  (68). 
pride:    mOdignes   (61.  6),   flpft- 

hAfednes  (61.  5). 
priest:  msBMeprSost  (48). 
priestess:  ticerd  (61.  h). 
primacy:  ealdorddm  (43),  eald- 

orsclpe(44.  1). 
prince:  ealdortnann  (46). 
princess:  owSn  (61.  6). 
prison:  cweartem  (47). 
private  apartment :  bflr  (48). 
procuring:  ttlung  (61.  3). 
produce:   ftc^niian  (118),  lAdan 

(118). 
productive :  berende  (61). 
profit,  subsi. :  gestrSoo  (47),  9earf 

(6L  6). 
profit,  vb,:  fr^mman  (116.  a). 
profound:  deopllc  (67). 
promise:   behAtan  (R.  110),  ge- 

hfttan  (H.  110). 
property :  plur,  of  g5d  (47). 
prophet:  wftga  (68). 
propitious:  gesjmdtg  (67.  3). 
prospect :  wSn  (61.  5). 
prosperity:  g5d  (47). 
prostrate:  fistr^cean  (114). 
protect:  gescleldan  (118). 
protection:     gebeorg    (47),    ge- 

scieldnes  (61.  5). 
proud:  i^rlanc  (68). 
prove:  geryffan  (113). 
provide:  tlllan  (118). 
providence;    foresceawiing   (61. 

3). 
province:    mSbg9  (61.  6),   ffeod 

(61.  6). 
provision:  Sst  (61.  b). 
provisions;  "wist  (61.  6). 
psalm:  sealm  (43). 


ENGLISH-OLD  ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


59 


public  place  :  street  (51.  5). 

pull:  teon  (II.  103). 

punishment;  wite  (48). 

pupil:  Iseringiiieeden  (47.  6). 

pure:  cleene  (59). 

purple:  godw^bb  (47). 

purple  garment:  paell  (43),  purpre 

(53.  1). 
pursue  :      began     (141),     ehtan 

(113)^ 
put:     don    (140),    l^cgean    (115, 

note), 
put  away:  afierran  (113). 
put  to  flight:  aflieman  (113). 


quantity:  dael  (43). 

(southeast)  quarter:    eastsul^dgel 

(43). 
queen:  cwen  (51.  6). 
queer:  sellic  (57). 
quell;  toweorpan  (III.  104). 
quickening:  straiigung  (51.  3). 
quickly:  hwsetlice,  hrai^e. 
quiet,  adj.:  stille  (59). 
quiet,  vb.:  gestillan  (113). 
quietness:  stilnes  (51.  5). 

R. 

radiance:  leoma  (53). 

radiant;  beorht  (58 \  leoht  (58). 

rage:  hwaljerian  (118). 

raging;  angrislic  (57). 

raiment:     gegierela    (53),    reaf 

(47),  scrud  (47). 
rain,  siibst. :  regn  (43). 
rain,  vb.i  rinan  (113). 
rampart:  weall  (43). 
rampart  of  earth    eorafweall  (43). 
rank:  aeS'elborennes  (51.  5). 
rapine:  reaflac  (47). 
rash  :  dyrstig  (57.  3). 


rather:  ma,  swiSfor. 

ravage;  h^rgian  (118). 

reach:  areecean  (114),  begietan 

(V.  106). 
reach  forth:  fon  (R.  110). 
read:     gersedan    (113),    reedan 

(113). 
reading:  becrseding  (51.  3). 
read  through:  oferraedan  (113). 
(for  this)  reason  ;  for-afam. 
receive:     habban    (121),    onfon 

(R.  110),  underfon  (R.  110). 
reception:  onfangennes  (51.  6). 
reckoning-  getael  (47). 
recognize:  oncnawan  (R.  109). 
recompense:  forgieldan  (III.104). 
recount:  gemyngiaii  (118). 
red:  read  (58). 
redden:  areadian  (118). 
redeemer:  alicsend  (43.  6). 
redness:  rudu  (51.  a). 
reduce    to    poverty  :     forierman 

(113). 
reflect:  S3'^ncean  (114). 
refresh:   geretan  (113),  gereord- 

ian  (118). 
region;  gfeod  (51.  b). 
regular:  regoUic  (57). 
rejoice :  blissian  (118),  geblissian 

(118)._ 
relate:  ar^ccean  (114),  gemyng- 

ian  (118). 
release:    gesemetgian  (118),  on- 

liesan  (113). 
remain:  wunian  (118). 
remark:  cTvide  (44). 
remarkable;  sellic  (57). 
remedy:  Isececraift  (43). 
remember:    gemunan  (134),  ge- 

9'^ncean  (114). 
remove  ;  afierran  (113) . 
rend;  toslitan  (I.  102). 
render    steadfast :      gestal5'eliau 

(118). 


60 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


renew :     edniwian     (118),     ge- 

edniwlan  (118). 
renounce:  wlffsacan  (VI.  107). 
renowned:  niSre  (59). 
repast:  gereord  (47). 
repose:  ger^tan  (118). 
represent:  fortft^on  (11.  108). 
request,  subst. :  wIIIh  (68). 
request,  vb.:  bIddHo  (V.  106). 
requite:  forgleldan  (III.  104). 
rescue:  hAlu  (51.  1). 
reserve:     gehealdan    (H.    109), 

healdan  (K.  109). 
rest:  ger^tan  (118),  Ucgan  (V. 

106). 
restless:  unstllle  (59). 
rest  of:  59er  (57.3). 
restore:  gestatfellan  (118). 
retainer:  tfegn  (48). 
retinue:  gefdrsripe  (44.  1). 
retreat:  diegelnes  (51.  5). 
return:   ^fthweorfan  (III.  104), 

gecierran     (113),     gew^ndan 

(118),    hweorfan    (III.    104), 

w^ndan  (118). 
(in)  return  for:  wW  (166). 
reveal :  setiewan  (118). 
reverence:    firwIerVnes  (51.  6), 

Satfm5dne8  (51  5). 
revolve:   betyrnan  (118),  iernan 

(III.  104),  tyrnan  (118). 
reward:  mSd  (51.  b). 
rib:  ribb  (47). 
rich :  welig  (57). 
riches:  wela  (58). 
right:  riht  (58),  swiVra  (60). 
righteous:  rihtwis  (58). 
righteousness :  rlhtwisnes  (51.  5). 
ring:  bring  (48). 
ripe:  ripe  (59). 
rise:  iipastigan  (I.  102). 
rising:  apgang  (43). 
risk:  pllht  (51.6). 
river:  ea  (52). 


road:  8Ug(51.  6). 
roebuck:  rfilidSor  (47). 
Roman:  Romanise  (57). 
Romans:  Romane. 
roof:  hrOf  (48),  flTsDce  (58.  1). 
rose:  rOse  (58.  1). 
rotation:  winding  (51.  3). 
row:  r9wan  (R.  109). 
rowing:  rSwnes  (51.  &). 
royal:  cyDellc  (57). 
ruin :  forlerman  (118). 
rule,  Buhst.:   anweald  (48),  ge- 
weald  (47),  hlftfordsclpp  (44. 

1). 
(bear)  rule:  ricslan  (118). 
rule,  r6.;  gewleldan  (118). 
rule  over:  gfeman  (118). 
ruler:  wealdcnd  (48.0). 
run:  iernan  (III.  104). 


S. 

sagacious:  behygdlg  (57). 

sail:  8egl(47). 
jsake:  »lng  (47). 

salt-spring:  sealtsSatf  (48). 

salute :  gr^tan  (118). 

salvation :  hAlu  (51.  a). 

same :  Ilea  (60),  self  (58,  60). 

sanguinary:  wselgrlin  (57). 

Saun :  scucca  (53). 

saucily :  unforwandlendlice. 

Savior:  H»lend  (48.6). 

say :  fir^cean  (114),  cweOTan  (V. 
106),  gecweffan  (V.  106),  ge- 
s^gean  (128),  s^gean  (123). 

scarlet:  weolocread  (58). 

scorch:  forbsernan  (113). 

Scots:  Scottas  (43). 

sea:  s»  (43;  51.  6). 

(of  the)  sea:  ssellc  (57). 

sea-animal:  s»wiht  (51.  b). 

seal,  subst.:  Insegel  (47),  seolh 
(43.  3). 


ENGLISH-OLB  ENGLISH  VOCABULABY. 


61 


seal,  vb.:  geinseglian  (118). 
sea  on  the  east:   eastsse  (43;  61. 

6). 
sea  on  the  west:  westsae  (43;  61. 

6). 
seashore:  strand  (43). 
season:  tid  (51.  1). 
seat:  setl  (47). 
second:  oSfer  (57.  3). 
(keep)  secret:  forswigian  (118). 
secular  art:  woruldcraeft  (43). 
secular  occupation :  woruldcraeft 

(43). 
secure:  trum  (57). 
see:  geseon  (V.  106),  sceawian 

(118)^ 
seed :  saed  (47). 
seedtime:  ssedtima  (53). 
seek:    biddan  (V.   106),   ceosan 

(II.  103),  neosian  (118),  secean 

(114). 
seek  out:  secean  (114). 
seem:  gei^yncean  (114),  SPyncean 

(114). 
seems :  gesegen  is,  geSTuht  is. 
seethe:  weallan  (R.  109). 
seize:  gelaeccean  (114),  geniman 

(IV.  105),  niman  (IV.  106). 
select:  geceosan  (II.  103). 
self:  self  (58,  60). 
sell:  cTepan  (113),  s^llan  (114). 
send:   as^ndan  (113),  ges^ndan 

(113),  ons^ndan  (113),  s^ndan 

(113). 
sense:  andgiet  (47). 
separate,  adj.:  synderlic  (57). 
separate,   vb.:    asyndrian   (118), 

gedeelan  (113),  todgelan  (113), 

todon    (140),    tosceadan    (R. 

110). 
serenity:  smyltnes  (61.  5). 
serpent:  nsedre  (nseddre)  (53. 1). 
serve  :     folgian    (118),    ijenian 

(118). 


service:  d'enung  (51.  3),  iSPeow- 

dom  (43). 
serving:  IJeow  (58). 
set:     asteenan    (113),    gelogian 

(118),  ges^ttan  (113),  l^cgean 

(116),  s^ttan  (113). 
set  down:  s^ttan  (113). 
set  out:  litS'an  (I.  102). 
settle:  ges^ttan  (113). 
seven:  seofon  (79). 
sevenfold:  seofonfeald  (68). 
seventh:  seofoi5'a  (60). 
seventy:  hundseofontig  (79). 
sever:  asyndrian  (118). 
severe:  Strang  (58). 
sex:  had  (43). 
(female)  sex:  wifhad  (43). 
(male)  sex:  overbad  (43). 
shall:  sculan  (133). 
shame:  sceamu  (51.  a). 
sharp:  scearpe. 
shatter:  tobrecan  (IV.  106). 
sheep:  sceap  (47). 
sheet:  sciete  (53.  1). 
shepherd:  sceapbierde  (44). 
shift:  aw^ndan  (113). 
shine:  gebierbtan  (113),  seinan 

(I.  102). 
ship:  scip  (47). 

shipwreck:  forlidennes  (51.  5). 
shipwrecked:  forliden  (62). 
shoemaker:  sceowyrhta  (53). 
shore:  wearolj  (43). 
short:  medmicel  (57),  sceort  (58  . 
show  :     cyUan    (113),     gecy9'an 

(113). 
shower:  regn  (43). 
shrewd:  bebygdig  (67). 
shut  up:  beclysan  (113). 
sick:  geuotruinod  (62),  untruin 

(57). 
side:  healf  (51.  b). 
(from  all,  on  all)  sides :  segbwan- 

an. 


62 


EXGLTSH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


sign:   ^otaoauug  ^51.  o),   tficen 

(47). 
signal:  tdcen  (47). 
signify:  tficniaii  (118). 
silence:  swige  (68.  1). 
(keep)  silence:  swiglan  (118). 
silent:  stille  (59). 
(be)  silent:  swiglan  (118). 
silk:  side  (68.  1). 
silver,  gubst.:  s«olfor  (47). 
sliver,  a({}.:  seolfren  (67). 
similarly :  gelice. 
simple:    ftnfeald  (68),   unn9ele 

(69). 
sin:  gesyngfan  (118). 
since:  swfi,  9onne. 
sinful:  synflill  (68.2). 
sing:  slogan  (III.  104). 
(a)  single:  ftn  (79). 
sir:  l«of  (48). 
sit:  geslttan  (V.  108),  sittan  (V. 

106). 
sit  around :  ymbslttan  (V.  106). 
sixth:  slexta  (60). 
size :  w£stm  (48) . 
skilful:  gelSred  (68). 
skUl :  crsBft  (48). 
skilled :  gelAred  (68). 
sky:  loft  (47). 
slaujghter:  wsel  (47). 
slay:  flellan  (113),  ofslSan  (VI. 

107) »    ongeslean     (VI.     107), 

slean  (VI.  107). 
sledge:  sl^g  (61.  6). 
sleepless:  «rwaeol  (67). 
slip  away  :  toglidan  (I.  102). 
smaller:  Iwssa  (60). 
smile:  smercian  (118). 
8mit€:  beatan  (U.  109),  cnyssan 

(116.   a),    geslean    (VI.    107), 

slean  (VI.  107). 
smithy :  smiffffe  (58.  1). 
smooth:  smylte  (59). 
so:  swa. 


8*>cieiy  :  gefSrrSden  (61.  6). 
sojourn:  wiclan  (118). 
soldier:  c^inpa  (68). 
solicit   (the   hand    of) :     glcruan 

(118). 
so  long  as :  9fi-hwile-9e. 
some  (one):  sum  (67). 
something:    fiht  (89.  />),  hwsst- 

hwega  (89.  b). 
sometimes:  hwilum  (78). 
somewhat:  hw5a. 
son:  beam  (47),  sunu  (45). 
song:  sang  (48). 
song    of    gladness :     bllsseeang 

(48). 
son-in-law:  ftffum  (48). 
soon,  as  soon :  s5na. 
(as)  soon  as :  sIViOran. 
sore:  sAr  (68). 
sorrow:  murcnung  (61.  6),  sftr 

(47). 
sorrowful :  unrOt  (68). 
sort:  gemot  (47). 
(this)  sort:  swilc  (68). 
sort  of  fish:  flsccynn  (47). 
sort  of  tree:  trtowcynn  (47). 
so  that :  t9  9on  9 SBtte. 
soul:    mod   (48),    sfiw(o)I    (5L 

4). 
soulless:  sfiwolISas  (58). 
south:  s09dSl  (48). 
southeast   quarter :     eastsSVdwI 

(48). 
southern  part:  sQ9dSI  (48). 
southwestern:  saffwesterne  (69). 
space:  faec  (47),  fierst  (48). 
spacious:  brSd  (58),  widgill  (58. 

2). 

spark:  f^rspearca  (68). 

speak:  cweffan  (V.  106),  ge- 
cwe9an  (V.  106),  s^cgean 
(123),  sprecan  (V.  106). 

speech:  spr^ec  (51.  6). 

(with)  speed :  braedllce. 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


63 


spice:  wyrtgemang  (47),  Tryrt- 

gem^ngnes  (51.  5). 
spirit:  gast  (43). 
splendid:  nisere  (59). 
splendor :  wl^ncu  (51.  a),  wuldor 

(47.  6). 
spouse:  gemseccea  (53). 
spread:  brgedan  (113),  springan 

(III.  104). 
spring:  l^nctentid  (51.  1). 
sprinkle:  gestregdan  (III.  104). 
squalid:  horig  (57.  3). 
stable:  fsest  (58). 
stand:  arsefnian  (118),  standan 

(VI.  107). 
standstill:  standan  (VI.  107). 
star:  steorra  (53),  tungol  (47.  6). 
starvation:  hunger  (43). 
station:  aeS'elborennes  (51.5),  ar 

(51.  6). 
stay  :  fsestnung  (51.  3). 
(render)   steadfast :    gestae* elian 

(118). 
still,  adj.:  stille  (59). 
(stand)  still:  standan  (VI.  107). 
still,  vb.:  gestillan  (113). 
still,  adv. :  giet. 
still,  conj. :  hwaeiaPre. 
stone,  siibst. :  stan  (43). 
(precious)  stone:  gimm  (43). 
stone,  adj.:  stsenen  (57). 
storm:    storm  (43),  winter  (43. 

5). 
strand :  strand  (43),  vfrearoff  (43). 
strange:  86^059*  (58),  sellic  (57). 
stranger:  cuma  (53). 
street:  street  (51.  b). 
strength :  maegen  (47. 1 ),  str^nglSfu 

(51.  a). 
strengthen:  gestrangian  (118). 
strew:  gestreowian  (118). 
strife:  geflit  (47). 
strike :  beatan  (R.  109) ,  geslean 

(VI.  107),  slean  (VI.  107). 


strike  down:  slean  (VI.  107). 
strip:  benseman  (113),  genacod- 

ian  (118),  ongierwan  (113). 
strive:  campian  (118). 
strong:  Strang  (58),  trum  (57). 
struggle:  campian  (118),  winnan 

(III.  104). 
study:  lar  (51.  &),  leornung  (51. 

3). 
subdue:  oferwinnan  (III.  104). 
subjoin:  underiaTiedan  (113). 
submission:    underljeodnes   (51. 

5). 
subside:  gestillan  (113). 
substance:  antimber  (47). 
such,  adj.:  swilc  (58). 
such,  adv. :  swa. 
suchlike:  lafyllie  (57). 
(on  a)  sudden:    f seringa,  unge- 

rydelice. 
suddenly:  f seringa,  fserlice,  sam- 

ninga,    s^mninga,    ungeryde- 

lice. 
suffer:  gefaran  (VI.  107),  t^olian. 
suffice :  genyhtsumian  (118). 
(be)   sufficient  for:    genyhtsum- 
ian (118). 
suffuse:  oferbrsedan  (113). 
suggestion:  bysen  (51.  6). 
suitable :     gedafenlic    (57) ,    ge- 

screpe  (59). 
sulphur:  swefel  (43.  4). 
summer:  sumer  (43.  5). 
summon:  laffian  (118). 
sun:  sunne  (53.  1). 
supplication:  ben  (51.  b). 
supply:  getimbran  (115.  b). 
support,  subst. :  faestnung  (51.  3), 

fultum  (43). 
support,  vb. :  af edan  (113),  fedan 

(113). 
suppose:  wenan  (113). 
supremacy  :      ealdordom     (43), 

ealdorscipe  (44.  1). 


64 


ENGLTRH-oi  1>    1  nOT.T^^H   VOCABULARY. 


surface:  b58m  (48;,  bradncii  (51. 

6). 
surround:     ymbhSn    (R.     110), 

ytiibtrymiiian  (115.  a). 
sustain:    Aberaii   (IV.   106),   ge- 

healdan  (K.  109). 
sustenance:     aodllfan    (61.    6), 

blgleofa  (58),  feurhn^ru  (61. 

a). 
swan:  lelfpte  (68.  1),  swan  (48). 
swarm:  hSap  (48). 
swear:     gMw^rlan     (VI.    107), 

sw^rlan  (VI.  107). 
sweet:  swSte  (60). 
sweetness :  swStoes  (61.  5). 
swell:  Mliidan  (111.104). 
swift:  swift  (68). 
swiftness:  swiftnes  (61.  5). 
swim:  swlmman  (III.  104). 
swimming:  sund  (47). 
swinge:  g«sw^ngan  (118). 


table:  beod  (48). 

tailor:  sSamere  (44.  1). 

take:    bringan    (114),   genltnan 

(IV.  106),  ISdan  (118),  nliiian 

(IV.  106). 
take     away  :     setbregdaD     (III. 

104). 
take  in :  underfSn  (R.  110). 
take  leave  of:  grStan  (118). 
tale:  sprSc  (61.  6). 
tapestry:  rQwe  (68.  1). 
taught:  gelSred  (68). 
teach :    getficean   (114),    Iftran 

(118),  tAcean  (114). 
teacher:  Ifireow  (48). 
teaching:  Iftr  (61.  6). 
tear,  subst, :  tear  (48). 
tears:  w6p  (48). 
tear,  vb.:  toslitan  (I.  102). 
tell:  s^cgean  (128). 


lenuTity  :  dyrsttgnes  (61.  5). 

tempest:  hrSohnes  (61.  5). 

temple:  tempel  (47.6). 

temptation :  oostnung  (61.  3). 

tenacious:  fiesthafol  (67). 

terrible:  ^gesllc  (67). 

u^rrify :  ftf firan  (118). 

than:  9onne. 

thane:  9egn  (48). 

thank :  VancUn  (118). 

that:  ffmt,  tfsttte. 

tliat  movers :  styriondllc  (67). 

then :  eomostltce,  9&,  tfonne. 

thence:  9anan. 

there :  9ft,  If&r. 

(from)  there:  9anan. 

therefore :  for-9Ain,  for-9on. 

therein :  VAroii. 

the  while  that :  9ft  hwlle  9 e. 

thine:  9in  (68). 

thing:  tfing  (47). 

(good)  things:  plur.  of  g5<l  (47). 

think:    V^ncMMi    (114),    wiDan 

(118). 
thhrd:  tfridda  (00). 
thirst:  UyntHn  (118). 
thirsty:  tTurstlg  (67). 
thirty:  9ritig  (79). 
this  kind :  9ylllc  (67). 
this  sort:  swilc  (68). 
thither:  tflder. 
though :  9Sah,  lOTeah-Ve. 
though  .  .  .  yet:  9eali  .  .  .  9Sali 

(208),   9gah-9e  .  .  .  hwseOTre, 

ff€ah-tfe  .  .  .  swft-9eah. 
tliought:  geVanc  (47). 
thousand:  ffflsend  (79). 
three:  9rie  (79). 
throne:  setl  (47). 
throng:  heap  (48). 
through:  geond  (172),  in  (172), 

9urh  (172). 
throughout:   geond  (172),  9urli 

(172). 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABTJLAEY. 


65 


throw:    ges^ndan  (113),  swing- 

an(?)  (III.  104). 
thrust:  scufan  (II.  103). 
thunderbolt:  lieg  (43). 
thus :  eornostlice,  3'us. 
thy:  IJiii  (58). 
tiger:  tigris. 
time:    faec    (47),    hwil   (51.    5), 

tid  (51.  1),  tima  (53). 
(a  long)  time  ago :  gefyrn. 
tin:  tin  (47). 
to:  aet  (166),  to  (166). 
to-day :  to-daeg. 
together  :      setgsedere,      samod, 

samod  setgaedere,  toggedere. 
toil,   subst. :    gedeorf    (47),    ge- 

swinc  (47),  gewinn  (47). 
toil,  vb.:  winnan  (III.  104). 
toilsome:  gewinnfullic  (57). 
to  meet:  togeanes  (166). 
too :  to. 

top:  top(?)  (43). 
(on)  top  of:  onuppan  (166). 
torment:  gesw^ncan  (113). 
torture  :  wite  (48) . 
toss:  gesw^ngan  (113). 
touch:  astyrian  (118),  gesecean 

(114). 
toward:  between  (166),  ongean 

(166,  172),  ^^fiff  (166). 
towards:  togeanes  (166). 
towards  one  another :  betweonan 

him. 
tower,  subst. :  tore  (43) ,  wiglius 

(47). 
tower,  vb. :  hlifian  (118) . 
trade:  eraeft  (43). 
train:  iv^nian  (116). 
trained:  gelsered  (62). 
trample  upon:  oftredan  (V.  106). 
transform:  aw^ndan  (113). 
translate :  geiv^ndan  (113),  w^nd- 

an  (113). 
translation:  aw^ndednes  (51.  5). 


translator:  wealhstod  (43). 
transversely:  9'wieres  (71). 
tread  down:  fortredan  (V.  106), 

oftredan  (V.  106). 
tread  under  foot:   fortredan  (V. 

106). 
treasure  :  goldhord  (47) . 
tree :  treo  (47.  3). 
(sort  of)  tree:  treowcynn  (47). 
tremble:  forhtian  (118). 
tribe:  cynn  (47),  meegff  (51.  6). 
trinity:  Serines  (51.  5). 
triumphant:  sigefaest  (58). 
troop:  fefSa  (53). 
trouble:  bisgu  (51.  a),  sorg  (51. 

6). 
true:  soS"  (58). 
truly:  soljlice,  witodlice. 
trumpet:  biema  (53). 
trust,  subst.:  treownes  (51.  5). 
trust,  vb.:  gehyhtan  (113). 
truth:  soS"  (47),  soijfaestnes  (51. 

5). 
(clothed  in  a)  tunic  only:  nacod 

(57). 
turn:    bew^ndan  (113),  cierran 

(113),    gecierran     (113),     ge- 

w^ndan  (113),  hweorfan  (III. 

104),  w^ndan  (113). 
turnback:  cierran  (113). 
tusk:  tusc  (43). 
twelve:  tw^lf  (79). 
twenty:  twentig  (79). 
(evening)  twilight :  eefenglomung 

(51.  3)^ 
two:  twegen  (79). 
Tyrian:  Tyrisc  (57). 

U. 

under:  under  (166). 
understand:    ongietan   (V.  106), 

understandan  (VI.  107). 
understanding:  andgiet  (47). 


66 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


uneducated:  ungelfired  (68). 
unexpected:  mifl^wSned  (62). 
unfree:  Vfiow  (68). 
ungrateful :  ungeOTancfuU  (68. 2). 
unhappiness :     sAmea    (61.    6), 

murcDung  (61.  6). 
unhesitatingly:  Sa9e. 
unity :  ftnnet  (61.  5). 
universal:  gemdne  (69). 
unknown :    ancll9    (68),    unge- 

cnftwen  (89). 
unlearned:  ungelfired  (69). 
unquiet:  unstllle  (69). 
unrighteous:  unrihtwis  (68). 
unrighteousness  :     uDrlhtwianes 

(61.  6). 
unruffled :  sroylte  (69). 
unspeakable :  uofts^gende  (61). 
untaught:  ungelAred  (69). 
unthankful:    nngeVaiicfUIl  (68. 

2). 
until,  prep, :  9ff  (179). 
until,  conj. :  59-9»t. 
unusual :  ungewunellc  (67). 
unwearied:  ungewSrged  (69). 
up:  Op. 
upon:  ofer  (166),  on  (166,  179), 

onuppan  (166). 
upper:    ufanweard   (68),    Optic 

(57). 
uproar:  gebrec  (47). 
use,  subst. :  nfed  (61.  5). 
(be  of)  use :  genyhtaumtan  (118). 
use,  vb, :  notian  (118),  gewuniao 

(118). 
useful:  behefe  (69). 
utensU:  f»t  (47.  4). 

V. 

(in)  vain:  faolungra. 
variegated :  mislice  gebleod. 
various:  misllc  (67). 
various  kinds  of:  mlssenlle  (67). 


variously:  mlsllce. 

vassal:  9egn  (43). 

vein:  5ra(?)  (63). 

venerable :  ftrwierOTe  (69). 

verily :  b69, 

vernal :  l^nctenlic  (67). 

verse:  ieo9  (47). 

version :  Aw^dednea  (61.  6). 

very,  adj. :  self  (68,  60). 

very,  adv. :  twiffe,  9earle. 

very  much :  tfearle. 

vex:  geawtncan  (118). 

victorious:  sigeteat  (68). 

victory :  tlge  (44). 

vigil:  wnocen  (61.  5). 

vUe:  fOl  (68). 

vineyard :  wingeard  (48). 

violence:  rCVnea  (61.  6). 

violent:  rtVe  (69),  Strang  (68).' 

violently:  tfearllce. 

virgin:  f»mne  (63.  I). 

virginity :  mssgirhftd  (48). 

virtue:  nuegeB  (47.  1). 

visible:  geaewMilIc  (67). 

visit:  genSoaUui  (118),  gm^ctmm 

(114),    a«c«ui   (114),   wiolM 

(118). 
visitant:  cuma  (63). 
voice:  stefn  (61.  6). 
void:  Amtig  (67),  idel  (67.  3). 

W. 

waft:  gebringan  (114). 

wait:    bidan   (I.  102),  gebidan 

(L  109). 
wakeful:  wrwacol  (67). 
wall:  weal!  (43). 
wanting:  wana  (168). 
war:  wig  (47). 
wares:  hlsest  (47). 
warfare  :  fierding  (61.  3). 
war-house:  wighas  (47). 
was  called :  hatte. 


ENGLISH-OLD   ENGLISH  VOCABULAKY. 


67 


waste:  forniman  (IV.  105). 
(lay)  waste:  h^rgian  (118). 
watch:  sceawian  (118). 
watch-tower:  ton*  (43). 
water:  wseter  (47.  1,  6). 
(body  of)  water :  waeterscipe  (44. 

1). 
wave:  yff  (51.  h). 
waver:  wafian  (118). 
wax:  weax  (47). 
way:  weg  (43). 
(in  any)  way :  tenige  9'inga. 
(out  of  the)  way:  seldcua*  (58). 
(in  different)  ways :  mislice. 
weal:  wela  (53). 
wealth:  wela  (53). 
wealthy:  welig  (57). 
weapon:  weepen  (47.  1). 
wear    out  :     gesw^ncan     (113), 

sw^ncan  (113). 
weary,  adj.:  werig  (57). 
weary,  vb. :  sw^ncan  (113). 
web-footed:  flaxfete  (59). 
weep:  wepan  (R.  109). 
weeping:  heof  (43),  wop  (43). 
weight:  gewiht  (47). 
well,  adj. :  gesund  (58) . 
well,  adv. :  geare,  wel. 
well-beloved :  leof  (57) . 
welter:  gewealc  (47). 
(from  the)  west :  westan. 
(sea  on  the)  west:   -westsse  (43; 

51.  6). 
whale:  hran  (43),  hwsel  (43.  2). 
what:   hwset  (88;   89.  c),  hwilc 

(58). 
whatever:  furSfum. 
what  (so)  ever  :      swa-hwaet-swa 

(89.  d). 
wheel:  hweol  (47). 
whelk:  weoloc. 
when  :     hwonne,    inid-9'am-l9'e, 

mid-l5y,    mid-l5y-9'e,    sifftSan, 

sona,  15'a,  !3'a-t5a,  ffonne. 


when  .  .  .   (then) :    fSsi  .  .  .  fSsi, 

ffsi-ffsi  .  .   .  l^a,      d'onne  .  .   . 

laronne  (202). 
whence  :  hw^anan,  95'anan. 
where:  hwger,  IJa,  'Ss^r. 
wherefore :  foriafoii. 
wherever:  15'ider. 
whether:  hrwse'&er. 
whether  ...  or :  9*6  ...  9*6  (202). 
which:  hwilc  (58). 
(by,  from,  of)  which:  S'anan. 
whichever:  swa-hwaeaPer  (57). 
while,  subst. :   hwil  (51.   6),  tid 

(51.  b). 
(a)  while:  hwilum  (72). 
(the)  while  that :  Ua  hwile  fSe 
while,  conj. :  mid-iafy,  inid-9'y-9'e, 

fSa-lrwile-'Se. 
whip:  swingan(?)  (III.  104). 
whit:  wiht  (47). 
Jwhite:  hwit  (58). 
whither:  hwider. 
who:  hwa  (88). 
whole:  gehal  (58),  hal  (58). 
why:    for  hwon,   for  hwy,   to 

hwon. 
wicked :    manfull    (58.    2),    un- 

cystlg  (57),  yfel  (5_7.  3). 
wickedness :    ungeffwajrnes    (51. 

5). 
wide:  wid  (58). 
wife:  wif  (47). 
wild:  wild  (58). 
wild  animal:  wildeor  (47). 
wild  beast:  wildeor  (47). 
will,  subst.:  willa  (53). 
will,  vb.:  willan  (139). 
will  not:  nellan  (139). 
wind:  wind  (43). 
window:  eagS'yrel  (47.  6). 
wine :  win  (47). 
wings:  fiffru  (47). 
winsome:  wynsum  (57). 
winsomely :  wynsumlice. 


68 


ENCLTSH-OLD   ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


winter,  if.  >cai,  ouo»t,:   printer 

(48.  6). 
winter,  ac{f.:  wlnterlio  (57). 
wintry:  winterlic  (67). 
wise:  wis  (58). 
wish  :     wlUan    (189),    wytcan 

(118). 
wiUi:  on  (166),  mid  (166),  wt« 

(166). 
with  difficulty :  uniaVe. 
withdraw:  atbregdan  (IIL  104). 
within,  adv, :  tone. 
within,  prep. :  blnaan  (166),  inn- 

an  (166),  wl91nnan  (178). 
without:  bfltan  (166). 
with  speed :  hrssdllce. 
withsUnd :  witTstandan  (VI.  107> 
woe:  w8a  (58). 
wolf:  wulf  (48). 
woman :  wif  (47). 
wonder,  subst, :  wundor  (47.  1). 
wonder,  vb. :  wundrian  (118). 
wonderful:  wundorllc  (57). 
wondrously :  wundurllce. 
wont:  gewuna  (58). 
(be)  wont:  i^ewunian  (118). 
WOO:  glernan  (118). 
wood:  wudu  (45). 
word:  word  (47). 
work,  subst. :  geweorc  (47),  weorc 

(47). 
work,  vb,:  gefr^mman  (115.  a), 

"wyrcean  (114). 
workman:  wyrhta  (58). 
work  with  effort:   swincan  (III. 

104). 
world:  mlddangeard  (48),  wor- 

uld  (51.  1,  3). 


worldly  dignity :  woruldge9yngtf 

(51.  6). 
worldly  honor:   woruldge9yng9 

(51.  6). 
worldly  life:  woruldlif  (47). 
worldly  occupation :  woruldbisgu 

(51.  a), 
worm:  wyrm  (48). 
(kind  of)  worms :  wyrmcynn  (47). 
(become)  worse:  hfflglaii  (118). 
worthily:  weortfllce. 
writ:  gewrit  (47). 
write:  ftwriUn  (1.109), gewritan 

(I.  lot), 
writing:  gewHt  (47). 
wrongly:  yfele. 

Y. 

year:  giar  (47). 

yearly :  gCarllo  (57). 

yesterday:  gleatran-dsBg  (48). 

yet,  adv. :  giet 

(as)  yet:  giet, 

yet,  cof^. ;    hwssVre,   nO,  swft, 

n-hwseVre,  tfSah. 
yield:  wyrcean  (114). 
(of)  yore :  giara. 
(of)  you:  Cower  (81). 
young:  geong  (58). 
young  man:  cnlht  (48). 
your:  Sower  (57.  3). 
youth :  cniht  (48),  geoguV  (51.  6). 

Z. 

zeal:  geomfulnes  (51.  5). 
zealously:  geornlice. 


EKGLISH-OLD    ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


69 


ADDITIONAL  WORDS. 


afar  off :  feorran. 
awl :  £el  (51.  b). 
deal :  don  (140). 
lenslave:  (Jeowian  (118). 
favorable  :  gesyndig  (57.  3). 
fish-hook:  angel  (43.  4). 
fowl:  fugol  (43.4). 
Jharp :  hearpere  (44). 
Jhate :  hatian  (118). 
journey,  sb. :  sicJfaet  (43.  2). 


judge,  sb. :  dema  (63). 
J  merciful :  mildheort  (88). 
poem :  leotJ  (47). 
sin:  synn  (51.  6). 
smith  :  smltJ  (43^). 
Jto-morrow :  to-morgen. 
vessel:  faet  (47.  4). 
warrior :  wigend  (43.  6). 
t  whosoever :  swa-hwa-swa. 


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SEP  1  6  1995 

U.C.  BERKELEY 

FORM  NO   DD  6,  40m,  6'76           UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERK 

BERKELEY,  CA  94720 

ID      I  II  I 


9 


r  ^  ^^ 


